Updated to reflect additional information on crime.
The U.S. State Department has issued a stark Do Not Travel advisory for Haiti, emphasizing extreme risks due to kidnapping, crime, civil unrest, and limited healthcare infrastructure. This updated warning underscores the severe security situation in Haiti, particularly since the declaration of a State of Emergency in March 2024. For those considering travel to Haiti, understanding the depth and breadth of these dangers is crucial.
Since March 2024, Haiti has been grappling with a State of Emergency, reflecting the escalation of violence and instability across the nation. Firearms-related crimes are rampant throughout Haiti, encompassing a range of offenses from armed robbery and carjackings to sexual assault and a pervasive kidnapping crisis.
Kidnapping: A Pervasive Threat
Kidnapping in Haiti is not merely a possibility; it is a widespread and ever-present danger. U.S. citizens are not exempt, and tragically, some have already fallen victim, suffering harm or even death. The nature of these kidnappings is particularly alarming due to their unpredictable and often random nature. Kidnappers operate with varying levels of planning, sometimes meticulously targeting individuals, while at other times seizing victims opportunistically. Convoys, once thought to offer increased security, are also now targeted, demonstrating the brazenness and reach of kidnapping operations. Ransom demands are a near-constant element in these cases, plunging families into agonizing ordeals and often requiring them to pay substantial sums, sometimes thousands of dollars, to secure the release of their loved ones.
Crime and Civil Unrest: Unpredictable and Violent
Beyond kidnapping, Haiti is plagued by a high incidence of violent crime. Armed robberies, carjackings, and sexual assaults are common, creating a climate of fear and insecurity. Adding to the volatility are frequent protests, demonstrations, and roadblocks that can erupt with little to no warning. These events are not merely disruptive; they often result in significant damage to infrastructure and can quickly turn violent. A particularly disturbing trend is the rise in mob violence, with public assaults and killings targeting suspected criminals, further illustrating the breakdown of law and order.
Toussaint Louverture International Airport: A High-Risk Zone
Even essential transit points like Toussaint Louverture International Airport in Port-au-Prince are not safe havens. The airport has become a focal point for armed activity, with armed robberies being a frequent occurrence. Carjackers prey on vehicles caught in traffic congestion, often singling out lone drivers, especially women, making them particularly vulnerable. The severity of this risk is underscored by the U.S. Embassy’s stringent security protocols, mandating that its personnel use official transportation for all airport transits.
Border and Port Security: Land and Sea Dangers
The dangers extend beyond Port-au-Prince. Crossing the land border between Haiti and the Dominican Republic is explicitly discouraged due to the persistent threat of kidnapping and violence. These risks are not confined to remote areas; they are present on major roads leading from Haitian cities to the border. It’s critical to note that the U.S. Embassy cannot provide assistance to U.S. citizens attempting to enter the Dominican Republic by land, air, or sea, further emphasizing the risks associated with border crossings. Moreover, attempting to cross into the Dominican Republic at unofficial crossings can lead to significant immigration fines if detected when trying to leave. Maritime travel is also fraught with risk. The U.S. Coast Guard has raised serious security concerns regarding Haitian ports, advising mariners and passengers to exercise extreme caution when navigating or traveling through them.
Limited U.S. Government Assistance and Infrastructure Challenges
For U.S. citizens in Haiti, the capacity of the U.S. government to provide assistance is severely constrained. Local law enforcement and emergency services are often under-resourced and lack the capacity to effectively respond to emergencies or serious crimes. Compounding the security risks are widespread shortages of essential resources. Gasoline, electricity, medicine, and basic medical supplies are frequently scarce throughout Haiti. Medical facilities, both public and private, are often understaffed, lack essential resources, and commonly require upfront cash payments for services.
Restrictions on U.S. Government Personnel: A Reflection of the Risk Level
The U.S. government’s own operational protocols in Haiti vividly illustrate the extreme risk environment. U.S. government personnel are subject to a nightly curfew and are forbidden from walking in Port-au-Prince. Their movements are restricted throughout Haiti, and they are under strict prohibitions, including:
- No public transportation or taxis: Forbidding the use of public transport and taxis due to safety concerns.
- Avoid banks and ATMs: Prohibiting visits to banks and ATM use due to the risk of crime.
- No night driving or travel after dark: Restricting driving at night and all travel after dark.
- Travel restrictions: Mandating prior approval and special security measures for any travel.
These limitations are not arbitrary; they are a direct response to the assessed threat level and are designed to mitigate risks to U.S. government employees operating in Haiti.
If You Decide to Travel to Haiti Despite the Warning:
Despite the overwhelming dangers, if you decide to travel to Haiti, the State Department strongly advises taking extreme precautions:
- Avoid demonstrations and crowds: Steer clear of any gatherings and never attempt to drive through roadblocks.
- Pre-arrange transportation and accommodation: Organize airport transfers and hotels in advance, or ensure your host meets you upon arrival to minimize vulnerability at the airport.
- Be wary of unauthorized individuals: Do not share personal information with anyone who is not clearly identifiable as an authorized official. Be especially cautious at the airport, where individuals with malicious intent may operate.
- If followed, go to the police: If you suspect you are being followed after leaving the airport, drive directly to the nearest police station.
- Minimize exposure in public: Travel by vehicle to reduce the need to walk in public spaces.
- Travel in groups: Avoid traveling alone whenever possible.
- Secure your vehicle: Always keep vehicle doors locked and windows closed while driving.
- Maintain vigilance: Be constantly cautious and alert, especially in crowded areas like markets.
- Do not resist robbery: In the event of a robbery, do not fight back, as this can escalate the risk of violence.
- Purchase travel insurance: Secure travel insurance that includes medical evacuation coverage.
- Review high-risk travel information: Consult the State Department’s guidance on Travel to High-Risk Areas.
- Enroll in STEP: Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive alerts and facilitate location in emergencies.
- Stay informed: Follow the Department of State on Facebook and X/Twitter for updates.
- Review security reports: Consult the Country Security Report on Haiti for detailed security information.
- Prepare an emergency plan: Develop a contingency plan for emergency situations and review the Traveler’s Checklist.
In conclusion, the U.S. State Department’s “Do Not Travel” warning for Haiti is unequivocal. The country faces severe challenges related to kidnapping, crime, civil unrest, and inadequate healthcare. Travel to Haiti is strongly discouraged, and those who choose to travel despite this warning should be aware of the extreme risks and take all possible precautions. Staying informed and prepared is paramount in navigating the dangerous environment in Haiti.
