US Travel Advisory: Your Comprehensive Guide to Safe Travel in the USA

Safety and Security in the United States: A Traveler’s Advisory

The United States, a vast and diverse nation, attracts millions of tourists each year with its iconic landmarks, vibrant cities, and stunning natural landscapes. However, like any popular travel destination, it’s essential to be aware of potential safety and security concerns. This comprehensive Us Travel Advisory aims to provide you with the information needed to navigate your trip with confidence and ensure a safe and enjoyable experience. While the United States generally maintains a level of security where normal precautions suffice, understanding specific risks and taking proactive measures is crucial for every traveler.

Border Security and Crime at the US-Mexico Border

If your travel plans include visiting areas near the border with Mexico, it’s important to be aware of heightened security concerns. Certain states bordering Mexico, including California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, experience increased criminal activity, particularly related to drug trafficking.

For those crossing the US-Mexico border by car, vigilance is key. It is strongly advised to:

Exercise extreme caution in border regions.
Utilize only officially recognized border crossings to ensure safety and legitimacy.
Avoid any travel in these border areas during nighttime hours when risks can escalate.

Navigating Crime in the USA: Petty Theft and Violent Incidents

Like many countries, the United States experiences both petty and violent crime. Understanding the nature and location of these risks is vital for your personal safety.

Petty Crime: Urban Centers and Tourist Hotspots

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and purse snatching, is a concern, especially in densely populated urban centers and popular tourist destinations. To minimize your risk of becoming a victim of petty theft:

Never leave bags or valuable items unattended, particularly in parked vehicles. Rental cars are often targets for thieves. Avoid leaving items visible, even in the trunk.
Maintain constant vigilance over your personal belongings, including passports and other essential travel documents. Secure them in a safe place at all times, such as a money belt or hotel safe.

Violent Crime: Urban Areas and Precautions

Violent crime in larger US cities is more prevalent in impoverished neighborhoods, particularly during the hours between dusk and dawn. Alcohol intoxication is frequently a contributing factor in violent incidents. While gang-related and organized crime incidents are primary drivers of violent crime, isolated incidents by individuals can also occur. Although tourists are rarely targeted by violent crime, it’s prudent to take precautions:

Remain acutely aware of your surroundings at all times, regardless of the neighborhood.
Before venturing out, especially at night, check official local crime statistics for the areas you plan to visit. Resources like the FBI’s Crime Data Explorer can be helpful.
If confronted by robbers, the safest course of action is to remain calm and avoid resisting. Your personal safety is paramount.

Gun Violence: Understanding the Risks

The United States has a high rate of firearm ownership. In many states, it is legal for US citizens to openly carry firearms in public. This factor contributes to incidents of gun violence, including mass shootings, which unfortunately occur in the US. These events often result in casualties. While tourists are rarely directly involved in mass shooting incidents, the risk of being caught in the wrong place at the wrong time exists.

It is advisable to familiarize yourself with how to respond in an active shooter situation. Resources like the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency’s Active Shooter Event Quick Reference Guide can provide valuable information.

Home Break-ins: Securing Holiday Homes

Canadians who own or rent holiday homes in the US have unfortunately been targeted by break-ins and burglaries. To protect your property:

Ensure all windows and doors are securely locked, especially at night and whenever you are away from the property. Consider additional security measures if possible.

Common Criminal Tactics: Highway Robbery Ploys

Be alert to robbery attempts that specifically target tourists. Criminals sometimes employ ploys on highways, particularly targeting travelers leaving airports or tourist areas. These tactics can include:

Signaling to tourists that there is a problem with their vehicle, hoping they will pull over in a vulnerable location. Criminals then seize the opportunity to grab valuables once the driver exits the car.
Throwing objects at windshields to obscure vision and force drivers to stop.

If you suspect you are being targeted by such a ploy:

Do not pull over to the side of the road. This makes you more vulnerable.
Activate your hazard lights to indicate a problem and slowly drive to a safe, populated area such as a gas station, police station, or well-lit commercial area.

Demonstrations and Civil Unrest

Demonstrations and public gatherings can occur in the US, sometimes with little notice. Even peaceful demonstrations can escalate to violence unexpectedly. These events can also cause disruptions to traffic flow and public transportation systems.

To stay safe during demonstrations:

Avoid areas where demonstrations or large gatherings are taking place.
Always follow the instructions and guidance of local authorities and law enforcement.
Monitor local news media and social media for real-time information on any ongoing demonstrations or planned events.

Fraud and Financial Security

Credit card and ATM fraud are risks in the US, including sophisticated methods like debit card cloning. To protect your financial information:

Be extremely cautious when using debit or credit cards. Pay close attention whenever your cards are being handled by store staff or service providers.
Use ATMs located in well-lit public areas or, ideally, inside reputable banks or businesses. Avoid standalone ATMs in isolated locations.
Be wary of card readers with any unusual or irregular features that could indicate tampering for skimming purposes.
When entering your PIN at ATMs or card readers, shield the keypad with your hand to prevent onlookers or hidden cameras from capturing your PIN.
Regularly check your bank and credit card account statements for any unauthorized transactions. Report any suspicious activity immediately to your financial institution.

Terrorism: A Global Threat

Like many countries around the world, the United States faces a threat of terrorism. Terrorist attacks could potentially occur at any time and in various locations. Potential targets could include:

Government buildings and facilities, including schools and universities.
Places of worship, such as churches, synagogues, and mosques.
Airports and other transportation hubs, including train stations and subway systems, as well as transportation networks in general.
Public areas with high concentrations of people, such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centers, markets, and hotels.

To mitigate risks associated with terrorism:

Always maintain a heightened awareness of your surroundings, especially when in public places.
Be observant for anything that seems out of place or suspicious.
The US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) operates a public alert system, the National Terrorism Advisory System, to disseminate information about credible terrorist threats. Familiarize yourself with this system and be aware of any active alerts.

Hiking and Mountaineering Safety

For travelers planning to engage in outdoor activities like hiking, backpacking, or skiing, especially in remote areas, safety should be a top priority.

Never undertake these activities alone. Always hire an experienced guide from a reputable and certified company, especially if you are unfamiliar with the terrain.
Purchase comprehensive travel insurance that specifically includes coverage for helicopter rescue and medical evacuation. Mountainous and wilderness areas may have limited access for ground-based emergency services.
Obtain detailed information about planned hiking routes or ski slopes before setting out. Stick to marked trails and designated slopes. Avoid venturing off-trail, as this significantly increases the risk of getting lost or injured.
Ensure your physical condition is adequate for the planned activity. Altitude sickness, exhaustion, and injuries can quickly become serious issues in wilderness environments.
Be properly equipped for the conditions. Pack essential gear, including appropriate clothing, navigation tools, first-aid supplies, and communication devices. Stay informed about weather forecasts and be prepared for changing conditions.
Inform a family member or friend of your detailed itinerary, including specific locations and expected return time.
Learn to recognize the symptoms of acute altitude sickness, which can be life-threatening. Descend immediately if symptoms appear.

Air Travel Security

While this advisory does not provide assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards, it is important to be generally aware of air travel safety. For more information, consult resources regarding airline safety and security.

Entry and Exit Requirements for the United States

Entry and exit requirements are determined by each country. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you are denied entry or exit due to not meeting these requirements. It is your responsibility to ensure you comply with US entry and exit regulations.

The information provided here is based on information from US authorities but is subject to change at any time. Always verify the most current requirements with the US embassy or consulate in Canada or through official US government websites before you travel.

Passport Requirements

Proof of Canadian citizenship is mandatory for entry into the US. Several documents can fulfill this requirement, but passport regulations are particularly important.

Air Travel Passport Requirements

Canadian citizens traveling to the United States by air, including those only transiting through the US, must present specific documents:

A valid passport is required for air travel. It must be valid for the entire duration of your stay in the US.
A valid NEXUS card can be used at self-serve kiosks at designated airports for expedited entry.

These requirements apply to all Canadian citizens, including children of all ages.

Land and Water Travel Passport Requirements

For Canadian citizens aged 16 years and older entering the United States by land or water, the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) dictates required documentation:

A valid passport.
A Trusted Traveler Program card (e.g., NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST).
An enhanced driver’s license (EDL) or enhanced identification card (EIC) from participating Canadian provinces or territories that have US-approved EDL/EIC programs.
A Secure Certificate of Indian Status.

The WHTI-compliant document you present must be valid for the entire duration of your stay in the US.

Canadian citizens aged 15 years and under entering the US by land or water have slightly different requirements:

A passport.
An original or copy of a birth certificate.
An original Canadian citizenship certificate.

Additional Information at Borders

US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers have broad authority at ports of entry. They may ask you for additional information and documentation, including:

Your address while staying in the United States, including Puerto Rico.
Evidence of your residential, employment, or educational ties to Canada to demonstrate your intent to return.
Proof that your trip is for a legitimate purpose, such as tourism or business, and is of a reasonable length.
Proof of sufficient funds to cover your expenses during your stay in the US.

Dual Citizens

While not formally required, dual US-Canadian citizens are strongly advised to carry both their US and Canadian passports. Presenting both documents can significantly facilitate entry into the US and your return to Canada, as it clearly demonstrates your citizenship in both countries.

Visas and Length of Stay

Canadian visitors are generally permitted to stay in the United States for up to 6 months without requiring a visa for tourism or business purposes. You must declare your intended length of stay to immigration officials upon entry.

Generally, Canadian citizens do not need visitor, business, transit, or other types of visas to enter the US from Canada. However, exceptions exist. It is crucial to verify visa requirements based on your specific circumstances.

Canadian Permanent Residents

Canadian permanent residents may require a non-immigrant visa to enter the United States, depending on their country of citizenship. It is essential to obtain any necessary visas from US authorities before attempting to enter the country. You will also need a valid passport from your country of citizenship.

Visa Waiver Program (VWP)

Citizens of countries participating in the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) do not need a visa for stays of up to 90 days for tourism or business. However, they must obtain pre-travel authorization through the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) prior to departure. Check if your country of citizenship participates in the VWP and apply for ESTA if necessary.

US Permanent Residents

Canadians who are permanent residents of the United States must present a valid US Permanent Resident Card (Green Card) upon entry to the US.

First Nations and Native Americans Born in Canada

Members of Canada’s First Nations and Native Americans born in Canada have unique entry privileges. They may freely enter the US for purposes of employment, study, retirement, investment, or immigration under certain provisions.

Working and Studying in the United States

Most Canadian business travelers can seek admission at a US port of entry in certain business categories without first obtaining a non-immigrant visa. However, specific documentation is required to establish eligibility for admission in these categories.

If you plan to work in the US in any other capacity, contact the nearest US embassy or consulate to determine specific visa and documentation requirements well in advance of your travel.

Canadian citizens generally do not require visas to study or participate in student exchange programs in the US. However, they must be registered with the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS), a US student tracking system. Students must present their SEVIS registration form to CBP officers each time they enter the US.

Length of Stay Extensions

If you wish to stay in the United States for longer than 6 months, you must apply for an extension of stay from US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) after you are in the US, but before your initial authorized stay expires. Immigration officers may require you to demonstrate that you are indeed a temporary visitor and not attempting to reside in the US permanently.

The US government strictly enforces immigration regulations. Overstaying your authorized period of stay can have serious consequences, including detention and deportation, and may impact future visa applications or entries.

While there is no fixed waiting period to re-enter the US after the end of an authorized stay, CBP officers will scrutinize frequent or lengthy visits. If an officer suspects you are spending more time in the US than in Canada, you will have to convincingly prove that you are a temporary visitor and not effectively residing in the US.

Biometrics, Electronic Devices, and Preclearance

Upon entry to the United States, non-US citizens are typically required to provide biometrics, such as digital fingerprints and a photograph. Most Canadian citizens are exempt from this routine biometric collection. However, biometric collection will apply to Canadian citizens who:

Require a visa or a waiver of ineligibility to enter the US.
Need to obtain an I-94 Arrival/Departure Record form to document their dates of entry and exit.

Random screenings of exempt Canadians for biometric collection can occur at border crossings and airports. If you believe your biometric information was wrongfully collected, you can address your concerns directly with the US Department of Homeland Security.

US border agents have the legal authority to search your electronic devices, including phones, computers, and tablets, when you enter the US. They are not required to provide a reason to request your password to unlock your device. Refusal to comply may result in device seizure, travel delays, or denial of entry if you are not a US citizen. To protect your data and privacy:

Before crossing the border, set your devices to airplane mode to prevent accidental downloading of remote files.

Preclearance facilities at some Canadian airports allow travelers to undergo US customs and immigration inspection before departing Canada, rather than upon arrival in the US. When using US preclearance:

You must meet all US entry requirements at the Canadian preclearance location.
You will be interviewed by a US preclearance officer who has the authority to inspect your luggage and deny you entry to the US.
Knowingly making a false or deceptive statement to a preclearance officer is an offense under Canada’s Preclearance Act.
While in a preclearance area, you remain subject to Canadian law, including the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
You have the right to withdraw your request to enter the US and leave the preclearance area at any time, unless a preclearance officer has reasonable grounds to suspect you have committed an offense under Canadian law. In such cases, you may be detained for violations of Canadian law.

Criminal Record, Cannabis, and Boating

Having a criminal record, regardless of the nature or age of the offense, can lead to denial of entry into the United States. Even a Canadian pardon for an offense is not recognized under US law for entry purposes.

If you are ineligible to enter the US due to a criminal record, you can apply for a temporary waiver of inadmissibility directly to US Customs and Border Protection through the nearest US embassy or consulate, or at a US land border crossing.

US ports of entry are fully computerized with access to centralized databases containing criminal records from both Canada and the US. Even if you have previously entered the US without issue, a criminal record or prior denial of entry can cause problems. Attempting to enter the US without a necessary waiver can result in detention and a permanent ban from entering the United States.

Prior use of cannabis, or any substance prohibited under US federal laws, can result in denial of entry to the US. Even if cannabis is legally purchased or possessed in Canada or a US state where it is legal, it remains illegal under US federal law. Attempting to cross the US border with any amount of cannabis in any form, or stating your intention to engage in the cannabis industry in the US, can lead to prosecution, fines, and potential jail time, as well as denial of entry.

Operators of small pleasure vessels arriving in the United States from a foreign port must report their arrival immediately to US Customs and Border Protection for a face-to-face inspection at a designated reporting location. Some exceptions may apply, such as under the Nexus Marine program.

Cruises, Pets, and Children

A valid Canadian passport is required for taking a cruise that departs from the United States. Many cruise destinations will not permit entry without a passport, and a passport is also essential for re-entering the US at the end of your cruise. Cruise ship authorities may retain your passport during the cruise for administrative purposes and to facilitate clearance with US immigration. If your passport is held by ship authorities, obtain a receipt, ensure you get it back at the end of the cruise, and always carry a photocopy of your passport with you.

Pets entering the US must appear healthy upon inspection at a port of entry. Evidence of poor animal health may lead to further examination, testing at your expense, or denial of entry. Additional requirements may apply, such as import permits, export or health certificates, and proof of vaccination (e.g., rabies). Quarantine requirements may also be imposed.

Canadian citizens under 19 years of age traveling with a school or organized group under adult supervision must have written consent from their parent or legal guardian authorizing their travel.

Yellow Fever

Refer to the health section of this advisory for information on potential entry requirements related to yellow fever vaccination.

Health and Medical Information for Travel to the USA

Travel Health Notices and Routine Vaccinations

This section provides information on potential health risks and ongoing health concerns in the United States. Adhering to this advice can significantly reduce your risk of illness while traveling. However, it is not an exhaustive list of all potential risks. Consult with a healthcare professional or visit a travel health clinic ideally 6 weeks before your trip for personalized health advice and recommendations.

Ensure your routine vaccinations are up-to-date before traveling to the US, regardless of your destination within the country. These include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza, and others, as recommended in Canadian immunization schedules.

Pre-Travel Vaccines and Medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while traveling in the United States. Discuss with a travel health professional which vaccines or medications may be appropriate for you based on your itinerary and activities.

Yellow Fever:

Risk: There is no risk of yellow fever in the United States.
Entry Requirement: Proof of yellow fever vaccination is not required for entry into the US.
Recommendation: Vaccination against yellow fever is not generally recommended for travel to the US.

It is important to note that country entry requirements may not always fully reflect your individual risk of yellow fever exposure at your specific destination. Consult with a travel health professional and verify any additional entry requirements with the nearest diplomatic or consular office of the countries you plan to visit.

Measles:

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that spreads easily through direct contact and airborne droplets. Anyone not protected against measles is at risk of infection when traveling internationally. Consult a healthcare professional to ensure you are fully protected against measles before any international travel.

Hepatitis B:

Hepatitis B is a viral liver disease present as a risk in all destinations, including the United States. It is transmitted through exposure to blood and bodily fluids. Travelers who may have exposure through sexual contact, medical treatments, sharing needles, tattoos, acupuncture, or occupational exposure are at higher risk. Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travelers. Prevent hepatitis B infection by practicing safe sex, using only new and sterile drug equipment if needed, and ensuring tattoos and piercings are done in regulated settings.

Influenza (Flu):

Seasonal influenza occurs worldwide. Vaccination is the best way to protect yourself. Get your flu shot at least 2 weeks before traveling. In the Northern Hemisphere, flu season is typically November to April. In the Southern Hemisphere, it’s April to October. In tropical regions, flu activity can occur year-round. The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection in the other. The flu virus spreads through coughing, sneezing, and contaminated surfaces. Practice good hand hygiene and wear a mask if you have respiratory symptoms.

COVID-19:

COVID-19 is an ongoing infectious disease. Vaccination is highly recommended for all eligible travelers, including booster doses. Vaccines are proven to be effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19. While vaccination reduces risk of severe illness, infection is still possible. Unvaccinated individuals have a significantly increased risk of infection and severe disease. Before traveling, check US COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements, although these are subject to change. Regardless of destination requirements, consult with a healthcare professional to ensure you are adequately protected against COVID-19 based on your health status and travel plans.

Rabies:

Rabies is present in some wildlife species in the US, including bats. It is a fatal disease transmitted to humans primarily through bites or scratches from infected animals. If bitten or scratched by an animal, immediately wash the wound thoroughly with soap and clean water and seek medical attention. Rabies vaccination may be recommended for travelers who will be working directly with wildlife or in situations with potential animal exposure.

Safe Food and Water Precautions

Many illnesses are caused by contaminated food and water.

Follow safe food and water practices to avoid illness. “Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!” is a useful guideline.
Avoid getting water in your eyes, mouth, or nose when swimming in freshwater sources (streams, lakes, canals), especially after heavy rain or flooding, as these may be contaminated.
Avoid swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs.

Insect Bite Prevention

Insect bites can transmit numerous diseases. To protect yourself:

Use insect repellent on exposed skin. Choose repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus, following product instructions carefully.
Wear light-colored, loose-fitting clothing made of tightly woven materials like nylon or polyester to minimize skin exposure.
Minimize time spent outdoors during peak insect activity times, typically dawn and dusk.
Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in accommodations that are not fully enclosed and screened.

Zika Virus:

Zika virus is a risk in some areas of the United States. It is primarily spread through mosquito bites and can also be sexually transmitted. Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause severe birth defects. Check the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website for the most up-to-date information on Zika risk areas in the US. If traveling to a Zika risk area:

Prevent mosquito bites at all times.
Use condoms correctly or avoid sexual contact, especially if pregnant or planning pregnancy.
Pregnant women or those planning pregnancy should discuss Zika risks with their healthcare provider and may consider postponing travel to Zika-affected areas.

Dengue:

Dengue fever is a viral disease spread by mosquito bites, with sporadic risk in the United States. Dengue can cause flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, can be fatal. Risk levels vary seasonally and geographically. Dengue-carrying mosquitoes typically bite during the daytime, especially around sunrise and sunset. Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times. There is no vaccine or specific medication to prevent dengue fever.

Animal Precautions

Infections like rabies and avian influenza can be transmitted between animals and humans. Certain activities increase the risk of animal contact, such as rural travel, camping, hiking, and visiting live animal markets or caves.

Avoid contact with animals, including domestic animals like dogs and livestock, as well as wild animals (monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, bats). Do not eat undercooked wild game.
Supervise children closely to prevent animal contact.

Avian Influenza (Bird Flu):

Human cases of avian influenza have been reported in the US. Avian influenza is a viral infection that spreads easily among birds and can, rarely, infect mammals, including humans. The risk to most travelers is low. Avoid contact with birds (wild, farm, backyard – alive or dead) and surfaces contaminated with bird droppings. Ensure poultry and eggs are thoroughly cooked. Travelers with higher exposure risk include those visiting live bird markets or poultry farms, working with poultry, hunting wild birds, or working with wild birds or mammals for research or conservation. Seasonal flu vaccination is recommended for all eligible people to protect against human influenza viruses, although it does not prevent avian influenza.

Person-to-Person Infections

Stay home if you are sick and practice proper cough and sneeze etiquette to prevent the spread of infections. Reduce your risk of colds, flu, and other illnesses by:

Washing your hands frequently with soap and water or using hand sanitizer.
Limiting time in crowded or enclosed spaces and at large-scale events.
Avoiding close contact with people who are showing symptoms of illness.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV, and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids. Practice safe sex, use condoms, and limit sexual partners. Consult your local public health authority before travel to determine eligibility for mpox vaccine, if applicable.

Medical Services and Facilities

Healthcare in the United States is generally excellent and widely available. However, medical treatment costs are very high. Emergency medical care must be provided by all hospitals regardless of ability to pay, but you will be billed for all services. Foreign visitors without comprehensive travel health insurance will have to pay out-of-pocket for medical care. Obtain travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Medication Regulations

The US has restrictions and prohibitions on importing certain prescription drugs. Some medications available over-the-counter in Canada may be prescription-only in the US. When traveling with medications:

Bring sufficient quantities for your trip duration plus a buffer.
Keep medications in their original packaging with dispensary labels that include your name, drug name, dosage, and DIN (Drug Identification Number).
Carry a copy of your original prescription, listing both generic and trade names of the medication.
If applicable, have a physician’s note explaining your condition and the need to carry syringes or other medical supplies.

Traveler Responsibility

The decision to travel is your personal responsibility. Your personal safety is also your responsibility. Be prepared for your trip, and do not expect medical services to be identical to those in Canada. Pack a travel health kit, especially if traveling outside major cities.

Laws and Cultural Considerations in the USA

You are subject to US local laws while in the country. Learn about procedures and assistance available if you are arrested or detained abroad. Laws can vary significantly between US states. Consult the website of the specific state you plan to visit for detailed legal information prior to arrival.

Penalties and Legal Consequences

Serious violations of US law can result in jail sentences, or in some states, the death penalty. Canadian citizenship provides no immunity or special protection under US law. If sentenced to imprisonment, you will serve your sentence in a US prison unless a transfer to a Canadian prison is approved by both the US and Canada under an existing treaty.

Drug Laws and Cannabis Regulations

Penalties for drug-related offenses, including possession, use, and trafficking of illegal drugs, are extremely severe in the US. Convicted offenders can expect lengthy prison sentences and substantial fines.

Although cannabis possession is legal in some US states, it remains illegal under US federal law in any form and quantity. It is illegal to transport cannabis across the Canada-US border in either direction. Do not attempt to cross the border with any amount of cannabis, even if traveling to a US state where it is legal. Doing so can lead to legal prosecution, fines, and potential jail time, as well as being barred from future US entry.

Prescription Medication Regulations

Personal medication may be subject to US drug importation laws and regulations. Generally, personal importation of a 90-day supply of medication is allowed. However, US Customs and Border Protection officers have discretion to permit or deny entry of Canadian-purchased medication. When traveling with prescription medication, adhere to the guidelines mentioned in the health section.

2SLGBTQI+ Travelers

Some US states have enacted laws and policies that may affect 2SLGBTQI+ individuals. Research relevant state and local laws and be aware of potential impacts on your travel.

Dual Citizenship Considerations

The United States legally recognizes dual citizenship. If you are a dual US-Canadian citizen, Canadian consular services may be limited while you are in the US, and you will be subject to US laws as a US citizen. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements compared to solely Canadian citizens.

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is applicable between Canada and the United States. It can assist parents in seeking the return of children wrongfully removed to or retained in the US in violation of custody rights. If your child has been wrongfully taken to or is being held in the United States, act quickly. Contact the Central Authority in your province or territory of residence for information on Hague Convention applications. Consult with lawyers in both Canada and the US to explore all legal options for your child’s return. Report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children’s Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada. Canadian consular officials cannot intervene in private legal matters or in another country’s judicial proceedings.

Expedited Removal Procedures

US Customs and Border Protection can bar non-US citizens from the US for five years if they determine that individuals presented false documentation or misrepresented themselves upon entry. Lying to a customs official is a serious offense. There is no formal appeal process for expedited removal. However, if you believe the law was misapplied in your case, you can request a supervisory review by writing to the USCIS district director responsible for the port of entry where the decision was made.

Import and Export Regulations

Contact the specific US Customs and Border Protection office at your planned Canada/US border crossing before your trip for the most current information on allowances and restrictions on items you can bring into the US. Regulations change frequently. Declare all items at your point of entry.

Travel to Cuba from the United States

US sanctions restrict travel between the United States and Cuba. Tourist travel between the two countries is generally prohibited. However, certain categories of travel from the US to Cuba may be permitted if specific requirements are met. Research current US regulations if you are considering travel to Cuba from the US.

Driving Regulations and Automobile Insurance

You can drive in the US with a valid Canadian driver’s license. Traffic laws vary by state. Many states have mandatory automobile insurance requirements and require proof of insurance. Check specific state regulations. If you plan to drive to Mexico from the US in your personal vehicle, you may need to purchase Mexican liability insurance and additional auto insurance.

Hitchhiking Safety

Never cross the US border with a hitchhiker or as a hitchhiker. Even if you are not carrying anything illegal, a hitchhiker or driver might be, and you could be implicated in illegal activities. Exercise caution regarding who and what you carry in your vehicle. As the driver, you can be held responsible for the actions and belongings of your passengers, even if you are unaware of issues.

Currency and Money Matters

The currency in the United States is the US dollar (USD). Canadian currency and personal checks from Canadian banks are not widely accepted. Most banking transactions require a US bank account. There is no legal limit to the amount of money you can bring into or take out of the US. However, you must declare to US Customs and Border Protection if you are carrying more than US$10,000 (in cash, checks, money orders, traveler’s checks, or other convertible assets) into or out of the US, or if you will receive more than US$10,000 while in the US. Failure to declare can result in civil and criminal penalties, including seizure of the currency.

Natural Disasters and Climate Considerations in the USA

Climate Change and Extreme Weather

Climate change is impacting the United States, leading to more frequent and intense extreme weather events that can disrupt travel plans. Monitor local weather forecasts and news for the latest information and be prepared for potential disruptions.

Hurricane Season

Hurricanes are a significant risk during specific seasons:

Eastern Pacific Ocean (including Hawaii and Guam): May to November.
Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico: June to November.

Hurricanes can pose serious safety risks and disrupt essential services. If traveling to hurricane-prone regions during these seasons:

Be aware of the inherent safety risks.
Be prepared to change travel plans on short notice, including potentially shortening or canceling your trip.
Stay informed about regional weather forecasts.
Keep emergency contact information for airlines and tour operators readily accessible.
Follow all advice and instructions from local authorities and emergency services.

Flooding and Landslides

Heavy rainfall can cause flash flooding and landslides, making roads impassable and damaging infrastructure. Exercise caution, especially in areas near rivers and streams. Stay informed about weather forecasts and heed instructions from local authorities, including evacuation orders.

Earthquakes

Earthquakes are a risk in certain US states, particularly:

Alaska
California
Hawaii
Nevada
Oklahoma
Oregon
Washington State

If traveling to earthquake-prone areas, familiarize yourself with earthquake emergency procedures, such as “drop, cover, and hold on.”

Heat and Humidity

Extreme heat and humidity can be dangerous, especially during the summer months (June to September), particularly in the South and Southwest. Be aware of the symptoms of dehydration and heatstroke, both of which can be life-threatening. Stay hydrated, seek shade during peak heat hours, and avoid strenuous activity during the hottest parts of the day.

Bush and Forest Fires (Wildfires)

Bush and forest fires are common and pose a significant risk across many parts of the US, especially during summer months and periods of drought. Wildfires can occur year-round, but are most frequent during dry, hot conditions. Air quality in areas near active fires can deteriorate rapidly due to smoke. In case of wildfires:

Stay away from affected areas, especially if you have respiratory conditions.
Follow instructions from local emergency services, including evacuation orders.
Monitor local news for updates on fire conditions.

Tornadoes

Tornadoes are a risk across much of the United States, particularly in central, mid-western, and southern states, often with little warning. Monitor local news and weather reports closely, and follow instructions from local authorities if a tornado warning is issued. Seek appropriate shelter immediately if a tornado approaches.

Volcanoes

The US has several active volcanoes, particularly in Hawaii, Alaska, and the Pacific Northwest. Volcanic eruptions can disrupt air travel due to ash clouds and degrade air quality, especially for those with respiratory ailments. In case of a volcanic eruption:

Monitor local news and media for updates.
Follow advice from local authorities, including evacuation orders.
Be prepared to alter travel plans or evacuate on short notice.

Tsunamis

Hawaii is particularly prone to tsunamis. Tsunamis can occur rapidly after an earthquake, sometimes within minutes. The tsunami risk can persist for several hours after the initial earthquake tremor. If staying in coastal areas, familiarize yourself with local tsunami evacuation plans and be aware of tsunami warning systems.