Traveling to hepatitis A and B endemic countries poses health risks that require careful consideration. This study assesses awareness, advice-seeking behavior, vaccination rates, and adherence to vaccination schedules among travelers from Australia, Finland, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the UK, and Canada. The findings highlight critical gaps in traveler knowledge and adherence, emphasizing the need for improved healthcare provider (HCP) training and reminder services.
Methods of the Study
An online survey was conducted between August and October 2014, targeting individuals aged 18-65. Participants were screened based on their travel history to hepatitis A and B endemic regions within the past three years, awareness of hepatitis A and combined hepatitis A&B vaccines, and knowledge of their vaccination status. The survey explored awareness and receipt of vaccines, sources of advice, reasons for non-vaccination, adherence to recommended doses, and the potential impact of immunization reminders.
Out of 27,386 screened travelers, 19,817 (72%) were aware of monovalent hepatitis A or combined A&B vaccines. Among these, 13,857 (70%) sought advice from a healthcare provider (HCP) regarding combined hepatitis A&B or monovalent hepatitis A vaccination, and 9,328 (67%) were vaccinated. However, a significant portion of vaccinated travelers did not adhere to the recommended vaccination schedules. Only 27% (841/3111) of vaccinated travelers adhered to the 3-dose combined hepatitis A&B schedule, and 37% (174/465) adhered to the 2-dose monovalent hepatitis A schedule. Alarmingly, among those partially vaccinated against combined hepatitis A&B or hepatitis A, 84% and 61%, respectively, believed they had received the recommended number of doses. This indicates a significant misunderstanding of the required doses for complete protection.
The Role of Healthcare Providers and A&B Travel Advice
HCPs remain the primary source of pre-travel health advice. Travelers often rely on them for information regarding necessary vaccinations and preventative measures. However, the study reveals a concerning lack of adherence to recommended vaccination schedules, even among those who sought professional advice. This suggests that either the information provided by HCPs is not effectively communicated, or travelers are not fully understanding the importance of completing the entire vaccination course.
Reasons for Non-Vaccination
Understanding the reasons behind non-vaccination is crucial for developing targeted interventions. The study identifies several potential factors, including:
- Lack of Awareness: Despite a relatively high level of awareness of hepatitis A and B vaccines, some travelers may still be unaware of the specific risks associated with travel to endemic regions.
- Misinformation: As evidenced by the high percentage of partially vaccinated individuals who believed they had completed the course, misinformation regarding the required number of doses is a significant issue.
- Cost Concerns: The cost of vaccinations can be a barrier for some travelers, particularly if they are traveling for extended periods or to multiple destinations.
- Inconvenience: The need for multiple doses and potential side effects may deter some travelers from completing the vaccination schedule.
- Complacency: Some travelers may underestimate the risk of contracting hepatitis A or B, leading them to forgo vaccination.
Improving Adherence to Vaccination Schedules through A&B Travel Initiatives
Addressing the identified gaps in knowledge and adherence requires a multi-pronged approach. Key strategies include:
- Enhanced HCP Training: Healthcare providers need to be equipped with the latest information on hepatitis A and B travel risks, vaccination schedules, and effective communication strategies. Training should emphasize the importance of clearly explaining the required number of doses and potential consequences of incomplete vaccination.
- Reminder Services: Implementing reminder systems can significantly improve adherence to vaccination schedules. These reminders can be delivered via text message, email, or phone call, prompting travelers to schedule their follow-up doses.
- Public Awareness Campaigns: Targeted public awareness campaigns can educate travelers about the risks of hepatitis A and B, the importance of vaccination, and the availability of travel health services.
- Addressing Cost Barriers: Exploring options to reduce the cost of vaccinations, such as subsidies or insurance coverage, can improve access for travelers who may otherwise be unable to afford them.
Conclusion: Protecting Travelers with A&B Travel Expertise
The findings of this study underscore the critical need for improved traveler education and adherence to hepatitis A and B vaccination schedules. Healthcare providers play a vital role in providing pre-travel health advice, but their efforts must be complemented by reminder services, public awareness campaigns, and initiatives to address cost barriers. By working together, we can ensure that travelers are adequately protected against these preventable diseases, enabling them to explore the world with confidence. The expertise of a&b travel in providing tailored travel health advice is invaluable in achieving this goal.
