The freedom of movement is a cornerstone of the European Union, allowing citizens to live, work, and travel across member states. A key enabler of this freedom is the Schengen Area. But how does it work in practice? This article delves into the specifics of how EU citizens can travel freely between EU member countries, with a focus on the Schengen Area.
The Schengen Area, a zone without internal border checks, encompasses 29 European countries. This agreement, initiated in 1985, allows for the free movement of people, effectively eliminating border controls between participating nations. It includes most EU countries along with non-EU countries like Liechtenstein, Norway, Iceland, and Switzerland, benefiting over 400 million EU nationals.
While the Schengen Agreement facilitates seamless travel, it’s important to understand the nuances.
Border Checks and National Authority
Irrespective of nationality, any person can travel between Schengen countries without undergoing systematic border checks. However, it’s crucial to remember that national authorities retain the right to conduct police checks at borders and in border areas. These checks are typically focused on security concerns and are not the same as systematic border controls.
With the removal of internal borders, Schengen countries have enhanced security at their external borders. Schengen rules ensure that the common external borders are tightly controlled to safeguard the security within the Schengen area.
Common Visa Policy: A Gateway for Non-EU Visitors
The EU’s common visa policy makes it easier for non-EU visitors to enter the Schengen Area for short stays. A short-stay visa granted by one Schengen country generally allows travel within the entire Schengen Area for up to 90 days within a 180-day period. Once cleared to enter one Schengen country, travelers can move freely to other Schengen countries without further document checks at internal borders.
Additional Information for Travelers in the EU
For those planning to travel within the EU, it’s helpful to be aware of certain regulations and rights:
- What can you take with you? Regulations exist regarding items you can carry when travelling in the EU, including pets, food, alcohol, tobacco, and cash. Luggage restrictions may also apply when flying from an EU airport. Furthermore, it’s useful to know which EU countries use the euro.
- Air passenger rights: EU air passenger rights provide protection and assistance in case of flight delays, cancellations, or denied boarding. It’s important to know how to file a complaint and who to contact for assistance.
- Assistance for travellers with disabilities or reduced mobility: The EU ensures rights for travelers with disabilities or reduced mobility. These rights cover accessibility and assistance during travel, and may include the entitlement to an EU disabled parking permit.
In conclusion, EU citizens generally enjoy the freedom to travel within the EU, particularly within the Schengen Area, without facing border checks. The Schengen Agreement and the common visa policy greatly simplify travel, while regulations regarding air passenger rights, assistance for travelers with disabilities, and what items can be transported, further enhance the travel experience within the EU.
