Traveling with a firearm in your car can be a complex issue, as laws vary significantly from state to state. This guide provides general information, but it is crucial to consult the specific laws of each state you plan to travel through.
Understanding the Basics of Firearm Transportation
Generally, the ability to travel with a firearm depends on factors such as:
- Type of Firearm: Handguns, rifles, and shotguns often have different regulations.
- State Laws: Each state has its own specific laws regarding firearm transportation.
- Permits and Licenses: Some states require permits or licenses to carry firearms, even in a vehicle.
- Federal Law: Federal law also plays a role, especially regarding interstate travel.
State-Specific Regulations: A Closer Look
It’s impossible to provide an exhaustive list of every state’s laws here, but let’s examine some common regulations and considerations:
- Locked and Unloaded: Many states require firearms to be unloaded and stored in a locked container or the trunk of the vehicle. The definition of a “locked container” can vary.
- “Safe Passage” Laws: Some states have “safe passage” laws that allow individuals to transport firearms legally through the state, even if they would otherwise be prohibited from possessing them there. However, these laws often come with strict requirements, such as keeping the firearm unloaded and securely stored.
- Duty to Inform: Some states require individuals to inform law enforcement officers if they are carrying a firearm during a traffic stop.
Key Considerations Before You Travel
Before embarking on a road trip with a firearm, take the following steps:
- Research State Laws: Thoroughly research the laws of each state you will be traveling through. Websites like the National Rifle Association (NRA) and state attorney general offices can provide valuable information.
- Understand “Reciprocity”: If you have a concealed carry permit, understand which states honor it (reciprocity). However, even with reciprocity, specific transportation laws may still apply.
- Secure Your Firearm: Invest in a quality locked container or gun safe for your vehicle.
- Keep Ammunition Separate: In many jurisdictions, ammunition must be transported separately from the firearm.
- Avoid Prohibited Areas: Be aware of locations where firearms are prohibited, such as schools, government buildings, and private property where signs prohibit firearms.
- Stay Updated: Firearm laws are constantly evolving. Stay informed about any changes or updates to the laws in the states you plan to visit.
Traveling Through California
In California, according to Penal Code section 25610, a person over 18 who is not prohibited from owning a firearm can transport a handgun in a vehicle if it is unloaded and locked in the trunk or a locked container. Section 16850 defines “locked container” as a secure container that is fully enclosed and locked by a padlock, key lock, combination lock, or similar locking device. The glove compartment is not considered a locked container. This applies to any lawful purpose, carried directly to or from any motor vehicle for any lawful purpose.
For shotguns and rifles, they are not generally required to be transported in a locked container, however, they must be unloaded. Registered assault weapons, per Penal Code section 30945, subdivision (g), can only be transported between specific locations and must be unloaded and in a locked container.
What is a locked container?
Pursuant to California Penal Code section 16850, the term “locked container” means a secure container that is fully enclosed and locked by a padlock, key lock, combination lock, or similar locking device. This includes the trunk of a motor vehicle, but does not include the utility or glove compartment.
A Note on Registered Assault Weapons
Some states, like California, have specific regulations for registered assault weapons. These weapons often have stricter transportation requirements, such as only being transported between specified locations and always being unloaded and stored in a locked container.
Staying Informed and Compliant
Traveling with a firearm requires careful planning and a thorough understanding of the laws in each state you will be visiting. By following the guidelines outlined above and staying informed about current regulations, you can help ensure a safe and legal journey. Always prioritize safety and consult with legal professionals or law enforcement agencies if you have any questions or concerns.
