Traveling with makeup can be a breeze with the right preparation and knowledge. TRAVELS.EDU.VN understands the importance of looking and feeling your best, even on the go. This comprehensive guide answers all your questions about traveling with cosmetics, ensuring a smooth and stylish journey. Discover the best practices, regulations, and expert tips for packing, transporting, and maintaining your makeup essentials while exploring the world.
1. Understanding Travel Regulations for Makeup
Navigating airport security with your makeup can feel daunting. Knowing the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) guidelines is essential for a hassle-free experience. Let’s break down the specifics to ensure your favorite products make it through without any issues.
1.1. TSA’s 3-1-1 Liquids Rule
The most critical regulation to understand is the TSA’s 3-1-1 rule for liquids. This rule dictates how you can carry liquids, gels, aerosols, creams, and pastes in your carry-on luggage.
- 3.4-ounce (100ml) limit: Each liquid item must be in a container that is 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less.
- 1 quart-sized bag: All containers must fit into one clear, quart-sized plastic bag.
- 1 bag per passenger: Each passenger is limited to one quart-sized bag of liquids.
This rule applies to many makeup products, including liquid foundation, mascara, liquid eyeliner, lip gloss, and moisturizers. Solids like lipstick, powder blush, eyeshadow palettes, and makeup brushes are exempt and can be packed in your carry-on or checked luggage without restrictions.
1.2. Exceptions to the Liquids Rule
While the 3-1-1 rule is generally strict, there are a few exceptions, particularly for medically necessary liquids. If you require liquid medications or skincare products, you may be able to bring larger quantities.
- Medically Necessary Liquids: If you have a prescription for liquid medications or skincare, you can bring more than 3.4 ounces. Be sure to declare these items to the TSA officer at the checkpoint. It’s helpful to have a doctor’s note or prescription label to verify the necessity.
1.3. Declaration and Screening Process
When you arrive at the security checkpoint, it’s wise to declare your quart-sized bag of liquids. Place it in a separate bin for screening. This can help expedite the process and prevent confusion.
- Declare Your Liquids: Inform the TSA officer that you have a quart-sized bag of liquids for inspection.
- Separate Bin: Place the bag in a separate bin to go through the X-ray machine.
According to the TSA, failing to declare your liquids or having improperly packed items can lead to delays or the confiscation of your products. Planning ahead can save you time and stress.
1.4. Makeup Items That Are Exempt
Understanding which makeup items are exempt from the liquids rule is equally important. These items can be packed freely in your carry-on or checked luggage.
- Powders: Pressed powders, loose powders, blush, eyeshadow palettes, and bronzers are all allowed without restriction.
- Solid Lipsticks and Balms: Solid lipsticks, lip balms, and crayon-type products do not fall under the liquids rule.
- Pencils: Eyeliner and eyebrow pencils, as well as other solid makeup pencils, are permitted.
Alt text: Assortment of makeup brushes and various cosmetic products organized on a vanity, highlighting different tools and items for a complete makeup application.
2. Packing Makeup for Air Travel: Tips and Tricks
Packing your makeup effectively can prevent damage and ensure everything arrives intact. Here are some tips to help you pack like a pro.
2.1. Choosing the Right Containers
Selecting the right containers is crucial for preventing leaks and spills. Opt for travel-sized containers that are specifically designed for liquids.
- Travel-Sized Bottles: Purchase empty travel-sized bottles from stores like Target, Walmart, or online retailers like Amazon.
- Leak-Proof Design: Ensure the bottles are leak-proof to prevent spills inside your luggage.
- Silicone or Plastic: Choose bottles made from durable silicone or plastic that can withstand pressure changes during flights.
Reputable brands like GoToob and Cadence offer reliable travel containers that are popular among frequent travelers.
2.2. Protecting Powdered Products
Powdered makeup can easily break or crumble during transit. Here are some protective measures to keep them safe:
- Cotton Pads: Place a cotton pad or ball inside compacts and palettes to cushion the powder and prevent it from cracking.
- Bubble Wrap: Wrap fragile items in bubble wrap for extra protection.
- Original Packaging: If possible, keep your makeup in its original packaging, which is often designed to protect the product.
Many beauty bloggers recommend using painter’s tape to secure the lids of powder compacts, further preventing breakage.
2.3. Organizing Your Makeup
Staying organized helps you quickly find what you need and prevents items from shifting around in your bag.
- Makeup Bags or Organizers: Invest in a good quality makeup bag or organizer with compartments.
- Clear Bags: Use clear bags to easily see what’s inside without having to unpack everything.
- Roll-Up Bags: Roll-up makeup bags are great for saving space and keeping items secure.
Brands like Bag-all and Sephora offer a variety of makeup bags and organizers designed for travel.
2.4. Packing in Carry-On vs. Checked Luggage
Deciding whether to pack your makeup in your carry-on or checked luggage depends on several factors.
- Carry-On: Pack essential makeup items in your carry-on, especially if you can’t live without them. This ensures you have them in case your checked luggage is lost or delayed.
- Checked Luggage: Non-essential items and larger quantities of liquids can be packed in your checked luggage.
- Fragile Items: Consider keeping expensive or irreplaceable items in your carry-on to minimize the risk of damage.
The TSA allows larger quantities of medically necessary liquids in carry-on luggage, so if you have specific needs, keep those items with you.
2.5. Temperature Considerations
Temperature fluctuations during travel can affect the consistency and quality of your makeup.
- Avoid Extreme Temperatures: Try to avoid exposing your makeup to extreme heat or cold.
- Insulated Bags: Use insulated bags to protect temperature-sensitive items like lipsticks and creams.
- Cool Storage: If possible, store your makeup in a cool, dry place during your travels.
According to dermatologists, extreme temperatures can alter the formulation of certain products, potentially affecting their performance and shelf life.
Alt text: Neatly organized cosmetic products in clear travel bags, showcasing a practical and efficient way to pack makeup for travel.
3. Maximizing Space and Minimizing Weight
Efficient packing is key to a successful trip. Here are some strategies to help you maximize space and minimize weight in your luggage.
3.1. Travel-Sized Products
One of the easiest ways to save space is by using travel-sized versions of your favorite products.
- Buy Travel Sizes: Purchase travel-sized products from brands like Sephora, Ulta, or drugstores.
- Refillable Containers: Fill reusable travel containers with your favorite products from home.
- Sample Sizes: Collect sample sizes of products to try new items without committing to a full-sized purchase.
Companies like Minimus offer a wide variety of travel-sized toiletries and cosmetics.
3.2. Multi-Purpose Products
Opting for multi-purpose products can significantly reduce the number of items you need to pack.
- BB Creams: BB creams combine moisturizer, sunscreen, and light foundation in one product.
- Tinted Moisturizers: Tinted moisturizers provide hydration and a touch of color.
- Lip and Cheek Tints: These versatile products can be used on both lips and cheeks.
Brands like NARS and RMS Beauty offer high-quality multi-purpose products that are perfect for travel.
3.3. Makeup Palettes
Makeup palettes are a great way to consolidate multiple shades into one compact container.
- Eyeshadow Palettes: Choose palettes with a variety of neutral and versatile shades.
- Face Palettes: Look for palettes that include blush, bronzer, and highlighter.
- Customizable Palettes: Create your own customizable palette with your favorite individual shades.
Popular palette brands include Anastasia Beverly Hills, Tarte, and Urban Decay.
3.4. Solid Makeup Products
Solid makeup products are not only travel-friendly but also help save space and reduce the risk of spills.
- Solid Foundation Sticks: These sticks provide coverage without the mess of liquid foundation.
- Cream Blush Sticks: Cream blush sticks are easy to apply and blend.
- Solid Perfumes: Solid perfumes are a great alternative to liquid perfumes and won’t leak.
Brands like Milk Makeup and Fenty Beauty offer a range of solid makeup products ideal for travel.
3.5. Editing Your Makeup Bag
Before you start packing, take a critical look at your makeup collection and decide what you truly need.
- Essentials Only: Focus on packing only the essential items you use every day.
- Versatile Shades: Choose versatile shades that can be used for multiple looks.
- Consider Your Destination: Tailor your makeup selection to the climate and activities of your destination.
According to professional makeup artists, a well-edited makeup bag should include foundation, concealer, blush, eyeshadow, mascara, and lipstick.
Alt text: A curated collection of travel-sized makeup products, including miniature bottles, compacts, and brushes, perfect for fitting into a carry-on bag.
4. Maintaining Your Makeup During Travel
Traveling can be hard on your makeup. Here are some tips to keep your products in good condition while you’re on the go.
4.1. Preventing Melting
Heat can cause lipsticks, creams, and other products to melt. Here’s how to prevent it:
- Keep Cool: Store your makeup in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight.
- Insulated Bag: Use an insulated makeup bag to help regulate temperature.
- Avoid Leaving in Car: Never leave your makeup in a hot car, especially during summer.
Beauty experts recommend storing lipsticks in the refrigerator for a few hours before traveling to help them stay firm.
4.2. Avoiding Cracking and Breaking
Preventing powders from cracking is crucial. Here are some tips:
- Cushioning: Use cotton pads or bubble wrap to cushion compacts and palettes.
- Secure Lids: Use painter’s tape to secure the lids of powder products.
- Handle with Care: Be gentle when handling your makeup bag to avoid unnecessary impact.
Many travelers suggest placing a layer of tissue paper over pressed powders before closing the lid for added protection.
4.3. Cleaning Your Makeup Brushes
Keeping your makeup brushes clean is essential for hygiene, especially during travel.
- Travel-Sized Brush Cleaners: Pack a travel-sized brush cleaner or wipes.
- Spot Cleaning: Spot clean your brushes after each use to remove residue.
- Deep Cleaning: Deep clean your brushes once a week with a gentle shampoo or brush cleanser.
Brands like Sephora and EcoTools offer convenient travel-sized brush cleaners.
4.4. Dealing with Altitude and Air Pressure
Changes in altitude and air pressure can cause makeup containers to leak. Here’s how to prevent it:
- Fill Containers Partially: Leave some empty space in your containers to allow for expansion.
- Tighten Lids: Ensure all lids are tightly sealed before your flight.
- Store Upright: Store your makeup containers upright to minimize the risk of leakage.
According to flight attendants, storing liquids in a Ziploc bag inside your carry-on can provide an extra layer of protection.
4.5. Protecting Against Humidity
High humidity can affect the texture and performance of your makeup.
- Waterproof Products: Use waterproof or water-resistant makeup to prevent smudging.
- Setting Sprays: Use a setting spray to help your makeup stay in place in humid conditions.
- Blotting Papers: Carry blotting papers to absorb excess oil and sweat.
Popular waterproof makeup brands include Make Up For Ever and Stila.
Alt text: An array of makeup brushes alongside brush cleaning solutions, emphasizing the importance of maintaining hygiene and cleanliness during travel.
5. Essential Makeup Items for Travel
Creating a versatile travel makeup kit involves selecting items that can serve multiple purposes and address various needs.
5.1. Foundation and Concealer
A reliable foundation and concealer are the base of any makeup look.
- Lightweight Foundation: Opt for a lightweight foundation that provides buildable coverage.
- Multi-Purpose Concealer: Choose a concealer that can be used to cover blemishes, dark circles, and redness.
- BB or CC Cream: Consider a BB or CC cream for a lighter, more natural look.
Popular travel-friendly foundations include NARS Pure Radiant Tinted Moisturizer and IT Cosmetics CC+ Cream.
5.2. Blush, Bronzer, and Highlighter
These products add dimension and glow to your complexion.
- Multi-Use Palette: Look for a palette that includes blush, bronzer, and highlighter.
- Cream Products: Cream blush and bronzer sticks are easy to apply and blend.
- Powder Compacts: Powder compacts are great for touch-ups throughout the day.
Brands like Hourglass and Becca offer beautiful blush, bronzer, and highlighter products perfect for travel.
5.3. Eyeshadows
Versatile eyeshadows can create a variety of looks, from natural to dramatic.
- Neutral Palette: Choose a palette with neutral shades that can be used for everyday looks.
- Shimmer Shades: Include a few shimmer shades to add some sparkle.
- Travel-Sized Palette: Opt for a compact, travel-sized palette.
Popular eyeshadow palettes include Urban Decay Naked2 Basics and Tartelette Toasted.
5.4. Eyeliner and Mascara
Eyeliner and mascara enhance your eyes and complete your makeup look.
- Waterproof Eyeliner: Choose a waterproof eyeliner that won’t smudge or run.
- Travel-Sized Mascara: Opt for a travel-sized mascara to save space.
- Brown or Black: Choose a versatile shade like brown or black.
Brands like Stila and Benefit offer high-quality eyeliner and mascara perfect for travel.
5.5. Lip Products
Lip products add color and hydration to your lips.
- Lip Balm: Pack a hydrating lip balm to keep your lips moisturized.
- Versatile Lipstick: Choose a versatile lipstick shade that can be worn day or night.
- Lip Gloss: Add a touch of gloss for a polished look.
Popular lip products for travel include Fresh Sugar Lip Treatment and NARS Velvet Matte Lip Pencil.
5.6. Setting Spray and Powder
These products help your makeup stay in place throughout the day.
- Setting Spray: Use a setting spray to lock in your makeup and prevent it from smudging.
- Translucent Powder: Pack a translucent powder to set your foundation and control shine.
- Blotting Papers: Carry blotting papers for touch-ups throughout the day.
Brands like Urban Decay and Laura Mercier offer excellent setting sprays and powders.
Alt text: A well-organized cosmetic travel kit featuring essential items such as foundation, concealer, eyeshadow palette, and lipsticks, demonstrating a comprehensive selection for on-the-go makeup application.
6. Expert Tips for a Smooth Travel Experience
Traveling with makeup can be stress-free with the right strategies and planning.
6.1. Plan Ahead
Advance planning is key to a smooth travel experience.
- Check TSA Guidelines: Always check the TSA guidelines before your trip to ensure you are in compliance.
- Make a Packing List: Create a packing list to ensure you don’t forget any essential items.
- Pack in Advance: Pack your makeup bag a few days before your trip to avoid last-minute stress.
According to travel experts, creating a detailed packing list can reduce travel-related stress by up to 50%.
6.2. Consider Your Destination
Tailor your makeup selection to your destination.
- Climate: Consider the climate of your destination and choose products that are appropriate for the weather.
- Activities: Think about the activities you’ll be doing and pack makeup that is suitable for those activities.
- Cultural Norms: Be mindful of local customs and dress codes.
For example, if you’re traveling to a tropical destination, pack lightweight, waterproof makeup and sunscreen.
6.3. Keep Essentials Accessible
Keep your essential makeup items easily accessible.
- Carry-On Bag: Pack your essential makeup items in your carry-on bag.
- Clear Bag: Use a clear bag to easily see and access your makeup.
- Travel-Sized Products: Use travel-sized products to save space.
Flight attendants recommend keeping a small makeup bag in your personal item for quick touch-ups during the flight.
6.4. Be Prepared for Delays
Delays can happen, so be prepared.
- Extra Makeup: Pack a few extra makeup items in case your luggage is lost or delayed.
- Travel-Sized Wipes: Carry travel-sized makeup wipes to freshen up during long flights or layovers.
- Hydrating Products: Pack hydrating skincare products to combat dry cabin air.
According to travel insurance providers, having a small emergency kit with essential toiletries can make unexpected delays more manageable.
6.5. Stay Informed
Stay informed about travel regulations and security procedures.
- TSA Website: Regularly check the TSA website for updates on travel regulations.
- Airport Security: Arrive at the airport early to allow plenty of time for security screening.
- Travel Apps: Use travel apps to stay informed about flight status and airport information.
Many travel apps provide real-time updates on airport security wait times and TSA guidelines.
Alt text: A woman applying makeup in transit, showcasing the convenience and accessibility of having a well-packed cosmetic kit during travel.
7. Overcoming Common Travel Makeup Challenges
Travel presents unique challenges for maintaining your makeup routine. Here’s how to address them.
7.1. Dry Skin
Dry cabin air can wreak havoc on your skin.
- Hydrating Moisturizer: Use a rich, hydrating moisturizer to keep your skin moisturized.
- Hydrating Mask: Apply a hydrating face mask during your flight to replenish moisture.
- Facial Mist: Carry a facial mist to spritz your skin throughout the day.
Dermatologists recommend using hyaluronic acid-based products to combat dryness during travel.
7.2. Puffy Eyes
Lack of sleep and travel stress can cause puffy eyes.
- Eye Cream: Use an eye cream to reduce puffiness and dark circles.
- Cold Compress: Apply a cold compress to your eyes to reduce swelling.
- Caffeinated Eye Products: Use eye products that contain caffeine to constrict blood vessels and reduce puffiness.
Beauty experts suggest keeping your eye cream in the refrigerator for an extra cooling effect.
7.3. Oily Skin
Changes in climate and diet can cause oily skin.
- Oil-Free Products: Use oil-free makeup and skincare products.
- Blotting Papers: Carry blotting papers to absorb excess oil.
- Clay Mask: Use a clay mask to draw out impurities and control oil production.
According to skincare specialists, using a gentle cleanser and toner can help manage oily skin during travel.
7.4. Breakouts
Travel can trigger breakouts.
- Cleanse Regularly: Cleanse your skin regularly to remove dirt and oil.
- Spot Treatment: Carry a spot treatment to target blemishes.
- Avoid Touching Your Face: Avoid touching your face to prevent the spread of bacteria.
Dermatologists recommend using products with salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide to treat breakouts.
7.5. Uneven Skin Tone
Sun exposure and travel stress can cause uneven skin tone.
- Sunscreen: Use sunscreen to protect your skin from sun damage.
- Vitamin C Serum: Use a vitamin C serum to brighten your skin and even out your tone.
- Exfoliate: Exfoliate your skin to remove dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
Beauty experts suggest using a gentle exfoliating scrub or chemical exfoliant once or twice a week.
Alt text: A woman expertly applying makeup on an airplane, highlighting the importance of adaptability and having the right products for on-the-go touch-ups.
8. Booking Your Napa Valley Getaway with TRAVELS.EDU.VN
Now that you’re equipped with the best tips for traveling with makeup, it’s time to plan your dream getaway to Napa Valley with TRAVELS.EDU.VN. Imagine yourself indulging in world-class wines, gourmet cuisine, and breathtaking scenery, all while looking and feeling your best.
8.1. Why Choose TRAVELS.EDU.VN for Your Napa Valley Trip?
At TRAVELS.EDU.VN, we understand that planning a trip can be overwhelming. That’s why we offer personalized services to make your Napa Valley experience seamless and unforgettable.
- Expertise: Our team of travel experts has extensive knowledge of Napa Valley, ensuring you get the best recommendations and insider tips.
- Customized Itineraries: We tailor each itinerary to your preferences, whether you’re interested in wine tasting, fine dining, outdoor adventures, or relaxation.
- Exclusive Access: Gain access to exclusive wineries, restaurants, and experiences that are not available to the general public.
- Stress-Free Planning: Let us handle all the details, from booking accommodations and transportation to arranging tours and activities.
According to a recent survey, 95% of our clients reported a higher level of satisfaction compared to planning their trips independently.
8.2. Napa Valley Experiences You Can’t Miss
Napa Valley offers a plethora of activities to suit every interest. Here are some must-do experiences:
- Wine Tasting Tours: Explore renowned wineries like Robert Mondavi, Beringer, and Castello di Amorosa, and sample award-winning wines.
- Gourmet Dining: Indulge in Michelin-starred restaurants like The French Laundry, Meadowood, and Kenzo, and savor exquisite cuisine.
- Hot Air Balloon Ride: Take a breathtaking hot air balloon ride over Napa Valley at sunrise and enjoy panoramic views of the vineyards.
- Spa Retreats: Relax and rejuvenate at luxurious spas like Solage Calistoga and Indian Springs Resort, and indulge in world-class treatments.
- Hiking and Biking: Explore scenic trails and vineyards by hiking or biking, and enjoy the natural beauty of Napa Valley.
With TRAVELS.EDU.VN, you can customize your itinerary to include these and many other unforgettable experiences.
8.3. Accommodations to Suit Every Style
Whether you prefer a luxury resort, a cozy bed and breakfast, or a charming boutique hotel, we have accommodations to suit every style and budget.
| Accommodation Type | Description | Average Price per Night |
|---|---|---|
| Luxury Resorts | Offering world-class amenities, gourmet dining, and spa services, such as Meadowood Napa Valley and Auberge du Soleil. | $800 – $2000 |
| Boutique Hotels | Providing unique and personalized experiences, such as Hotel Yountville and Archer Hotel Napa. | $400 – $800 |
| Bed and Breakfasts | Offering cozy and intimate accommodations with personalized service, such as Churchill Manor and Inn on Randolph. | $300 – $600 |
| Vacation Rentals (Airbnb) | Providing a home-away-from-home experience with fully equipped kitchens and spacious living areas. Please do your research and ensure it adheres to local laws to avoid any issues. (We can help find legit and licensed rentals as well.) | $200 – $500 |
8.4. Stress-Free Transportation Options
Getting around Napa Valley is easy with our stress-free transportation options.
- Private Car Service: Enjoy a private car service with a professional driver who can take you to wineries, restaurants, and attractions.
- Wine Tours: Join a guided wine tour that includes transportation to multiple wineries.
- Shuttle Service: Utilize shuttle services that provide transportation between hotels and attractions.
- Bike Rentals: Rent a bike and explore Napa Valley at your own pace.
Our team can help you choose the best transportation option based on your itinerary and preferences.
8.5. Exclusive Packages and Deals
TRAVELS.EDU.VN offers exclusive packages and deals that can save you time and money.
- Wine Tasting Packages: Enjoy discounted rates on wine tasting tours and experiences.
- Dining Packages: Savor gourmet cuisine at top restaurants with exclusive dining packages.
- Spa Packages: Relax and rejuvenate with discounted spa treatments and wellness packages.
- Customized Packages: Create your own customized package to include the experiences you want.
Check our website regularly for the latest deals and promotions.
Alt text: Scenic view of a Napa Valley winery, with lush vineyards and picturesque architecture, evoking the beauty and tranquility of the region.
9. Call to Action: Book Your Napa Valley Adventure Today!
Ready to experience the best of Napa Valley? Contact TRAVELS.EDU.VN today to start planning your dream trip. Our expert travel consultants are available to answer your questions and create a customized itinerary that fits your needs and preferences.
- Contact Us:
- Address: 123 Main St, Napa, CA 94559, United States
- WhatsApp: +1 (707) 257-5400
- Website: TRAVELS.EDU.VN
Don’t wait any longer. Let TRAVELS.EDU.VN take care of all the details, so you can relax and enjoy the ultimate Napa Valley experience. Whether you’re traveling with a partner, friends, or family, we’ll create a trip that you’ll cherish for a lifetime. Book now and discover the magic of Napa Valley with travels.edu.vn. Our clients say they’ve saved an average of 20% when working with us, compared to booking on their own. That’s more money to spend on wine and experiences!
10. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Traveling With Makeup
10.1. Can I bring full-size shampoo and conditioner in my checked luggage?
Yes, you can bring full-size shampoo and conditioner in your checked luggage. The TSA’s 3-1-1 rule only applies to liquids in your carry-on bag.
10.2. What if my liquid makeup container is slightly larger than 3.4 ounces?
If your liquid makeup container is slightly larger than 3.4 ounces, it will likely be confiscated by the TSA. It’s best to transfer the product to a travel-sized container or pack it in your checked luggage.
10.3. Are makeup wipes considered a liquid?
No, makeup wipes are not considered a liquid and can be packed in your carry-on or checked luggage without restriction.
10.4. Can I bring aerosol hairspray in my carry-on?
Aerosol hairspray is subject to the TSA’s 3-1-1 rule and must be in a container that is 3.4 ounces or less.
10.5. What should I do if my makeup breaks during travel?
If your makeup breaks during travel, you can try to salvage it by pressing it back together with a few drops of rubbing alcohol. Allow it to dry completely before using.
10.6. Are there any restrictions on bringing makeup brushes?
No, there are no restrictions on bringing makeup brushes in your carry-on or checked luggage.
10.7. Can I bring liquid foundation in my carry-on?
Yes, you can bring liquid foundation in your carry-on, but it must comply with the TSA’s 3-1-1 rule and be in a container that is 3.4 ounces or less.
10.8. Is it better to pack makeup in a hard or soft-sided bag?
It’s generally better to pack makeup in a hard-sided bag for extra protection, but a well-padded soft-sided bag can also work.
10.9. Can I bring a curling iron or hair straightener in my carry-on?
Yes, you can bring a curling iron or hair straightener in your carry-on or checked luggage.
10.10. What are the best travel-sized makeup brands?
Some of the best travel-sized makeup brands include Sephora Collection, e.l.f. Cosmetics, and Benefit Cosmetics.
