Morocco Travel Advisory: Staying Safe and Informed in 2024

Morocco, a land of vibrant culture, stunning landscapes, and bustling souks, is a dream destination for many travelers. However, like any international destination, it’s essential to be aware of the current travel advisories to ensure a safe and enjoyable trip. This comprehensive Morocco Travel Advisory, updated for 2024, provides crucial information on safety and security, health, local laws, and more, empowering you to travel with confidence.

Understanding the Risk Levels in Morocco

Navigating travel advisories can be complex. It’s important to understand the different risk levels and what they mean for your travel plans in Morocco.

Exercise a High Degree of Caution in Morocco

The general travel advisory for Morocco is to exercise a high degree of caution. This is due primarily to the ongoing threat of terrorism, a concern in many countries globally. This level of advisory suggests that while Morocco is generally safe for tourists, travelers should be vigilant and aware of their surroundings, especially in crowded public spaces and tourist hotspots.

Avoid All Travel to Specific Border Regions

Certain regions of Morocco carry significantly higher risks and are subject to stricter travel advisories. Avoid all travel to the following areas:

Western Sahara border regions: Specifically, within 30 km west of the militarized zone of the Berm and areas between the Berm and neighboring countries (eastern and southern sides). This area is highly militarized, and the security situation is unstable and unpredictable. The presence of unexploded ordnance also poses a significant danger.
Border with Algeria: Avoid travel within 20 km of the border with Algeria. The border is officially closed, and there’s an increased military presence. The exact border location can be unclear, adding to the risk.

Avoid Non-Essential Travel to Western Sahara

For Western Sahara in general, the advisory is to avoid non-essential travel. This is due to the combined threats of terrorism and unexploded landmines. Additionally, consular services and support in Western Sahara are extremely limited, making it harder to get assistance if problems arise.

Safety and Security Concerns in Detail

Beyond the general risk levels, understanding specific safety and security concerns is crucial for informed travel planning in Morocco.

Border Region Dangers

Morocco’s border regions, particularly those involving Western Sahara and Algeria, present unique safety challenges.

The Berm: A Militarized Zone

The Berm is a militarized boundary separating the Moroccan-controlled part of Western Sahara. This zone is not only heavily militarized but also contaminated with unexploded ordnance. Fatalities occur each year due to these hidden dangers. Travelers should be acutely aware of this risk and strictly adhere to “avoid all travel” advisories for this region.

Closed Border with Algeria

The land border between Morocco and Algeria is officially closed. Attempting to cross this border by land or sea is strongly discouraged and potentially dangerous. Even boating near the maritime border should be avoided to prevent accidental crossings.

Western Sahara: Unresolved Status and Landmines

Western Sahara’s political status remains unresolved, adding to the instability of the region. It is a former conflict zone still contaminated with unexploded landmines, particularly in remote areas and the militarized zone. The limited consular assistance available further elevates the risk for travelers in this territory.

Remote Area Travel: Precautions are Key

Traveling to remote areas in Morocco, while offering unique experiences, requires extra precautions.

Stick to Tourist Zones: Confine your travels to officially designated tourist areas to minimize risks.
Seek Local Advice: Before venturing into desert areas in the south, obtain local, official tourist advice. Local authorities and reputable guides can provide up-to-date safety information.
Official Guides Only: Hire only official guides recommended by trusted sources like hotels, travel agencies, or local tourist authorities. Unofficial guides may not have the necessary expertise or safety awareness.
4×4 Vehicles for Off-Road: Use only four-wheel-drive vehicles for off-road driving, especially in mountainous or desert terrains.
Vehicle Preparedness: Ensure your vehicle is well-equipped with appropriate supplies, including sufficient potable water, a first-aid kit, and communication devices.

Terrorism Threat: Vigilance is Essential

Morocco, like many countries, faces a threat of terrorism. Attacks, although infrequent, have occurred and have targeted foreigners in the past. The tragic 2018 murder of two Scandinavian tourists in the High Atlas Mountains, deemed a terrorist act by Moroccan authorities, underscores this risk. Terrorist attacks can occur unexpectedly and at any time.

Potential targets for terrorist attacks in Morocco include:

Government buildings and facilities, including schools
Places of worship
Transportation hubs like airports, train stations, and public transport networks
Public areas heavily frequented by tourists and locals alike, such as tourist attractions, restaurants, cafes, shopping centers, markets, hotels (especially coastal resorts), and entertainment venues.

To enhance your safety and minimize risk in Morocco:

Situational Awareness: Always be keenly aware of your surroundings, especially in public places. Pay attention to any suspicious activity and trust your instincts.
Secure Accommodations: Opt for hotels with visible and robust security measures. However, remember that no location can be entirely risk-free.
Emergency Preparedness: Familiarize yourself with emergency procedures at your hotel and in public spaces. Know the locations of exits and emergency contacts.

Kidnapping Risk in Remote Areas

A credible threat of kidnapping exists, particularly targeting Westerners in remote regions of Morocco and areas bordering Algeria and Mauritania.

Heightened Vigilance: Maintain a high level of vigilance at all times, especially when traveling in southern and border regions.
Avoid Solo Hiking: Do not hike alone in remote mountain regions where communication and assistance may be limited. Travel in groups and inform someone of your itinerary.
Vary Routines: If possible, vary your daily routines and avoid predictable patterns that could make you an easier target.

Demonstrations and Civil Unrest

Demonstrations and protests occur occasionally in Morocco, often near government buildings in major cities like Rabat and Casablanca.

Avoid Demonstrations: Steer clear of areas where demonstrations or large gatherings are taking place. Even peaceful protests can escalate into violence with little warning.
Follow Local Authority Instructions: If you find yourself near a demonstration, follow the instructions of local authorities and law enforcement.
Monitor Local Media: Stay informed by monitoring local media for news of ongoing demonstrations or potential civil unrest.
Transportation Disruptions: Be aware that demonstrations can cause disruptions to traffic and public transportation. Plan accordingly and allow extra time for travel.

Crime: Petty Theft and Beyond

Crime is a factor in Morocco, ranging from petty theft to more serious offenses.

Petty Crime: A Common Nuisance

Petty crime, including pickpocketing, purse snatching (even from vehicles), scams, and various forms of theft, is prevalent, especially in crowded tourist areas. High-risk locations include:

Medinas (old city centers)
Market areas and souks
Parks and public gardens
Beaches and waterfront promenades

To mitigate petty crime risks:

Exercise Caution: Be generally cautious and aware of your belongings, especially in crowded places.
Stick to Main Roads in Medinas: When navigating medinas, stay on main, well-traveled roads, particularly at night.
Secure Belongings: Keep personal belongings, including passports, travel documents, and wallets, in secure places, preferably concealed and close to your body. Consider using money belts or secure bags.
Avoid Displays of Wealth: Refrain from showing signs of affluence, such as wearing expensive jewelry, especially after dark.

Armed Robbery: A Serious Threat

Armed robberies, often involving knives, have been reported in Morocco. These incidents have resulted in injuries and, in some cases, fatalities.

Do Not Resist Robbers: If confronted by armed robbers, the safest course of action is generally not to resist. Your safety is paramount, and material possessions can be replaced.

Credit and Debit Card Fraud: ATM Awareness

Credit and debit card fraud, along with thefts from ATMs, are unfortunately common in Morocco.

When using cards and ATMs:

Shield the PIN Pad: Always cover the keypad with your hand when entering your PIN at ATMs and point-of-sale terminals.
Monitor Card Handling: Pay close attention whenever others are handling your cards, such as in restaurants or shops.
Inspect Card Readers: Avoid using card readers that appear irregular, damaged, or have unusual attachments.
Use Secure ATMs: Prefer ATMs located in public areas, inside banks, or within reputable businesses, as these are generally less likely to be tampered with.
Regularly Check Statements: Monitor your bank and credit card account statements frequently for any unauthorized transactions. Report any suspicious activity immediately to your financial institution.

Women’s Safety: Addressing Harassment

Women traveling alone in Morocco may experience certain forms of harassment and verbal abuse. While Morocco is generally safe for women travelers, being aware of potential issues is important.

Dress Conservatively: Dressing modestly, in line with local cultural norms, can help minimize unwanted attention.
Avoid Isolated Areas: Especially after dark, avoid walking alone in poorly lit or isolated areas.
Project Confidence: Walk with confidence and make eye contact.
Seek Assistance if Needed: If you experience harassment, don’t hesitate to seek assistance from hotel staff, tourist police, or other authorities.
Consider Group Tours: For solo female travelers, joining group tours or activities can provide added security and comfort.

Road Safety: Navigating Moroccan Roads

Road conditions and road safety standards in Morocco can vary significantly depending on location, weather, and road type.

Avoid Night Driving: Driving at night is generally riskier due to reduced visibility, poor lighting in some areas, and the increased presence of unmarked hazards.
Accident Report Form: Keep an accident report form (“constat à l’amiable”), available at newsstands, in your vehicle at all times. This form is used for minor accidents without injuries.

Road Risks: Driver Behavior and Hazards

Traffic Regulation Disregard: Not all drivers in Morocco strictly adhere to traffic regulations. Be prepared for unexpected maneuvers and less predictable driving behavior.
Pedestrians and Animals: Be vigilant for pedestrians, scooters, and animals on roadways, even on major roads.

Road Types: National Roads vs. Highways

National Roads: National roads are generally in decent condition but tend to be narrow and heavily congested, especially around urban areas.
Highways (Autoroutes): Highways offer generally easier driving conditions with multiple lanes and better surfaces. However, the Rabat-Casablanca highway and certain national highways can experience very high traffic volumes, requiring extra caution.

Accidents: Common Occurrence and Procedures

Traffic accidents, including those resulting in fatalities, are common in Morocco.

Accidents with Material Damage Only: If an accident only involves vehicle damage and no injuries, the police typically do not intervene. In such cases, the involved parties should complete a joint accident report form (“constat à l’amiable”).
Accidents with Casualties: If an accident involves injuries or fatalities, do not move the vehicles before the police arrive. Moving vehicles can complicate the accident investigation.

Checkpoints: Frequent and Routine

Police and military checkpoints are frequent throughout Morocco.

Carry Documents: Always carry your identification documents (passport) and vehicle documents (if driving) readily available for inspection at checkpoints. Cooperate fully with checkpoint personnel.

Air Travel: Domestic Airline Safety

While international flights to and from Morocco generally adhere to international safety standards, information on the compliance of Moroccan domestic airlines with these standards is not readily assessed by external agencies.

Inquire About Airline Safety: If you plan to use domestic airlines within Morocco, consider researching their safety records and standards.

Internet Romances: Proceed with Caution

Exercising caution is strongly advised if traveling to Morocco to meet someone you’ve connected with online, especially in relationships initiated over the internet.

Research Customs and Laws: Before traveling, thoroughly research Moroccan customs and laws, particularly regarding conjugal relations and marriage. Understand the legal and social implications of your relationship in Morocco.
Safeguard Essentials: Ensure you retain possession of your return plane ticket, your money, and your passport at all times. Do not relinquish control of these essential items to someone you’ve met online, especially early in the relationship.
Inform Someone of Your Plans: Tell a trusted friend or family member about your travel plans, including contact information for the person you are meeting and your itinerary.
Meet in Public Places Initially: Arrange to meet your online acquaintance in public, well-populated places for your initial meetings. Avoid isolated locations for first encounters.

Public Beaches: Water Quality and Harassment

While tourist beaches in Morocco are generally safe and well-maintained, public beaches, especially in major cities, can sometimes suffer from pollution and may not be suitable for swimming.

Designated Beaches: Swim only at designated beaches that are known to be clean and safe. Heed any warnings or advisories about water quality or swimming conditions.
Atlantic Coast Currents: Be aware that some beaches on the Atlantic coast have dangerous strong currents and tides. Exercise extreme caution when swimming in the Atlantic and only swim where it is explicitly permitted and supervised.
Beach Harassment: Women and girls may experience harassment when wearing swimsuits at public beaches. To minimize this, consider opting for tourist beaches, which tend to be more accustomed to international visitors and have a more relaxed atmosphere.

Entry and Exit Requirements for Morocco

Understanding the entry and exit requirements for Morocco is essential for smooth travel. These requirements are set by the Moroccan government and can change, so always verify the most up-to-date information before your trip.

Passport Validity

Minimum 6 Months Validity: Your passport must be valid for at least 6 months beyond your intended date of departure from Morocco. Ensure your passport meets this validity requirement before you travel.
Check with Transportation Company: Transportation companies (airlines, cruise lines, etc.) may have even stricter rules regarding passport validity than Moroccan entry requirements. Check with your carrier about their specific passport validity rules.

Visas: Tourist, Business, and Student Stays

Visa-Free for Short Stays: Canadian citizens generally do not require a visa for tourist, business, or student visits to Morocco for stays of less than 90 days.
Extending Your Stay: If you plan to stay in Morocco for longer than 90 days, you must obtain proper authorization from Moroccan authorities. Contact the Service to Foreigners Section (“Section du service aux étrangers”) at the local police station at least 15 days before your initial 90-day period expires.
Overstaying Penalties: Overstaying your permitted 90-day limit can result in penalties, including fines and being required to remain in Morocco until your case is reviewed by a prosecutor. Avoid overstaying your visa to prevent legal complications.

Entering and Exiting by Different Means

Private Boat Entry: If entering Morocco by private boat, you must do so at a recognized port of entry. Check with Moroccan port authorities in advance to ensure your chosen port is an official point of entry.
Private Vehicle Entry and Exit: If you enter Morocco with a private vehicle (car, motorcycle, RV, etc.), you must also exit with the same vehicle. Failure to exit with your vehicle can lead to denial of exit from Morocco.

Yellow Fever Vaccination

No Yellow Fever Risk: There is currently no risk of yellow fever in Morocco.
No Vaccination Requirement: Proof of yellow fever vaccination is not required to enter Morocco from any country.
Consult Health Professional: While not required, it is always advisable to consult with a health professional or travel health clinic before traveling to any international destination to discuss recommended vaccinations and health precautions.

Children and Travel: Special Considerations

Moroccan Citizenship for Children of Fathers: Children born to Moroccan fathers automatically acquire Moroccan citizenship at birth, regardless of their birthplace.
Citizenship for Children of Mothers: Children born to Moroccan mothers can apply for Moroccan citizenship.
Parental Consent for Children Leaving Morocco: Under Moroccan law, parents may have the legal authority to prevent their children from leaving Morocco, even if the children hold other citizenships. This is particularly relevant in cases of parental disputes or custody issues.
Dual Citizenship Implications: If you are a dual citizen of Canada and Morocco, Moroccan authorities may consider you primarily as a Moroccan citizen while in Morocco. This can affect the level of consular assistance Canada can provide and may subject you to different entry/exit requirements under Moroccan law.

Health Considerations for Travel to Morocco

Prioritizing your health is crucial for any trip. Morocco has specific health considerations that travelers should be aware of.

Pre-Travel Health Preparations

Consult a Health Professional: Ideally, consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic 6 weeks before your trip to get personalized health advice and recommendations based on your individual health status, itinerary, and planned activities.
Routine Vaccinations: Ensure your routine vaccinations are up-to-date, as recommended in Canada. These include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), and influenza.

Recommended and Required Vaccinations

Hepatitis A: Vaccination against Hepatitis A is recommended for all travelers to Morocco due to the risk of contracting the virus through contaminated food and water.
Hepatitis B: Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travelers as Hepatitis B is a risk in Morocco, and transmission can occur through blood and bodily fluids.
Measles: Ensure you are protected against measles. Consult your health provider to confirm your immunity, especially if you were born after 1970 or have not had measles or vaccination.
COVID-19: It is recommended that travelers be up-to-date with COVID-19 vaccinations as per Canadian guidelines. Check Morocco’s specific entry requirements related to COVID-19 vaccination before travel.
Influenza (Flu): Getting an annual flu vaccine is recommended, ideally at least 2 weeks before travel. Flu seasons vary in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and flu activity can occur year-round in tropical regions.
Rabies: Rabies is present in Morocco. Discuss rabies vaccination with your health professional, especially if you plan to spend time in rural areas, interact with animals, or engage in activities that increase your risk of animal bites.

Food and Water Safety

Safe Food and Water Precautions: Practice strict food and water safety precautions to prevent travelers’ diarrhea and other foodborne and waterborne illnesses. “Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it” is a helpful guideline.
Water Sources: Drink only bottled or boiled water. Avoid ice cubes in drinks unless you are certain they are made from purified water.
Food Preparation: Eat only thoroughly cooked food, and avoid raw or undercooked meats, seafood, and salads. Be cautious with street food, and opt for vendors with clean food preparation practices.
Wash Hands Frequently: Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially before eating and after using the restroom. Carry hand sanitizer for times when soap and water are not readily available.

Insect Bite Prevention

Insect Repellent: Use insect repellent containing DEET or picaridin on exposed skin to prevent insect bites.
Protective Clothing: Wear light-colored, loose-fitting clothing that covers as much skin as possible, especially during dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are most active.
Minimize Insect Exposure: Take measures to minimize your exposure to insects, such as staying indoors during peak insect hours and using mosquito netting when sleeping in non-air-conditioned accommodations.

Animal Precautions

Avoid Animal Contact: Avoid contact with animals, including stray dogs, monkeys, cats, and bats, as they can carry diseases like rabies.
Supervise Children: Closely supervise children to prevent them from approaching or touching animals.
Seek Medical Attention for Bites: If you are bitten or scratched by an animal, wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water and seek immediate medical attention for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis, if necessary.

Person-to-Person Infections

Respiratory Hygiene: Practice good respiratory hygiene to prevent the spread of respiratory infections. Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and wash your hands frequently.
Avoid Close Contact with Sick People: Limit close contact with people who are showing symptoms of illness.
Safe Sex Practices: Practice safe sex to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV.

Medical Services and Insurance

Variable Medical Care Quality: The quality of medical care in Morocco varies. Private medical facilities in major cities like Casablanca, Marrakesh, and Rabat are generally good for non-emergency care. Public health facilities may not meet Canadian standards.
Cash Payments Expected: Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for medical services.
Travel Medical Insurance: Obtain comprehensive travel medical insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays. Ensure your insurance policy covers medical expenses in Morocco and provides for repatriation if needed.

Laws and Cultural Norms in Morocco

Respecting local laws and cultural norms is essential for a positive travel experience in Morocco.

Drug Laws and Alcohol Consumption

Strict Drug Laws: Penalties for drug possession, use, or trafficking are severe in Morocco, and legal processes can be swift. Avoid any involvement with illegal drugs.
Alcohol Restrictions: Public alcohol consumption outside licensed establishments (bars, hotels, restaurants) is prohibited and can result in penalties. Alcohol can be purchased for private consumption from licensed stores.

Religious and Cultural Sensitivities

Non-Islamic Religious Materials: Unauthorized importation of Bibles or other non-Islamic religious materials (except for personal use) is prohibited. Religious preaching by non-Muslims is not permitted.
Photography Restrictions: Avoid taking photographs of military or security installations. Be respectful when photographing people and ask for permission, especially in rural areas.
Drones and Surveillance Equipment: Drones and surveillance equipment are prohibited in Morocco and will be confiscated at entry.
Respect for the Monarchy: Criticism of the Moroccan monarchy is not tolerated. Show respect for the King and avoid political discussions that could be deemed critical of the monarchy.
2SLGBTQI+ Travelers: Sexual acts between individuals of the same sex are illegal in Morocco. 2SLGBTQI+ travelers should be aware of local laws and exercise discretion and caution. Public displays of affection, regardless of sexual orientation, are generally frowned upon.
Dress and Behavior: Dress modestly and behave discreetly in public places, respecting Islamic customs and social traditions. Public displays of affection are generally not acceptable.

Ramadan Observance

Ramadan: If traveling during Ramadan, be aware of the religious observances. During daylight hours, refrain from eating, drinking, and smoking in public out of respect for those who are fasting. Many restaurants and cafes may be closed during the day in Ramadan.

Money and Currency

Moroccan Dirham (MAD): The currency of Morocco is the Moroccan Dirham (MAD).
Currency Exchange Restrictions: The dirham cannot be exchanged outside of Morocco. Exchange currency only as needed, and keep in mind it is illegal to take dirhams out of Morocco.
Currency Conversion at Departure: Unused dirhams can be converted back to your currency at airport exchange counters upon departure, provided you have proof of your initial currency purchase (exchange receipts).
Credit Cards and Traveler’s Cheques: Credit cards are accepted in many stores, restaurants, and hotels in urban areas and tourist centers. Traveler’s cheques are less widely accepted.

Natural Disasters and Climate Considerations

Morocco is located in a seismically active zone and experiences seasonal weather events.

Earthquakes

Seismic Activity: Morocco is situated in an active seismic zone and is prone to earthquakes. Be aware of earthquake safety procedures.

Rainy Season and Flash Floods

Rainy Season: The rainy season in Morocco typically extends from November to March.
Flash Flood Risk: Flash floods can occur frequently during the rainy season, particularly in mountain valleys like the High Atlas. These floods can be dangerous and disruptive.
Weather Monitoring: Monitor regional weather forecasts regularly, especially during the rainy season, and plan your activities accordingly. Be prepared for potential travel disruptions due to weather.

By staying informed about this Morocco travel advisory and taking appropriate precautions, you can significantly enhance your safety and enjoyment while exploring this fascinating and beautiful country. Remember to always prioritize your personal safety and make informed decisions throughout your trip.