Georgia, a country nestled at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, is rapidly emerging as a must-visit destination for discerning travelers. From the towering peaks of the Caucasus Mountains to the sun-kissed vineyards of Kakheti, and the vibrant capital city of Tbilisi to ancient Silk Road settlements, Georgia offers an astounding variety of landscapes, activities, and cultural experiences. This captivating country boasts a rich history shaped by kingdoms, conquests, and a burgeoning modern identity, making it a truly perfect all-rounder for any traveler seeking something extraordinary. To help you navigate the diverse offerings of this gem, we’ve curated a list of 10 essential places to explore in Georgia, ensuring an unforgettable journey.
1. Tbilisi: A Captivating Capital of Contrasts
Panoramic view of Tbilisi at sunset with city lights reflecting on the Kura River, highlighting the blend of modern and historic architecture.
Tbilisi, the heart of Georgia, is a city where East meets West, tradition embraces modernity, and ancient history intertwines with a dynamic contemporary culture. As Georgia’s capital, Tbilisi is a melting pot of influences, reflected in its diverse religious landscape, unique culinary scene, distinctive architecture, and the very Georgian way of life that is both captivating and intriguing. For first-time visitors eager to understand the essence of Georgia, Tbilisi offers a fantastic starting point.
Wander through the charming labyrinthine streets of the Old Town, where tumbledown courtyards lead to elegant balconies whispering tales of centuries past. Explore Abanotubani, the historic bath district with its distinctive Turkish-style domed roofs, and just a stone’s throw away, discover Betlemi Street, the heart of Tbilisi’s Jewish quarter. Beyond the historical landmarks, Tbilisi pulses with a vibrant contemporary energy. Provocative street art adorns unexpected corners, and a thriving fashion and electronic music scene is rapidly gaining international recognition. From bustling Bangkok-style food markets offering tantalizing aromas to Parisian-style boulevards exuding European elegance, Tbilisi presents an enticing fusion of Eastern mystique and Western sophistication. To truly appreciate the multifaceted character of this up-and-coming capital, dedicate at least a few days to immerse yourself in its unique atmosphere.
2. Kutaisi: Unveiling Ancient History and Mythological Tales
Kutaisi, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Europe, boasts a history spanning over 3000 years. Every corner of this ancient city whispers stories of bygone eras, interwoven with captivating mythology. Legend has it that Kutaisi was the destination of Jason and the Argonauts in their epic quest for the Golden Fleece, adding a layer of mythical allure to its already rich historical tapestry.
Once the proud capital of the Kingdom of Colchis and later the Kingdom of Georgia, Kutaisi is adorned with an impressive array of landmarks and architectural gems that testify to its long and cultured past. Marvel at the grandeur of the Kutaisi Drama Theatre and the captivating Colchis Fountain, a modern masterpiece that pays homage to the city’s mythical heritage. Explore the spiritual significance of the 11th-century Bagrati Cathedral, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and stroll along the historic Kutaisi Boulevard, a public space where civic discourse and social interactions have unfolded for centuries. For a unique perspective, adventurous visitors can experience an aerial view of the city on the Kutaisi Aerial Tramway, a Soviet-era marvel built in 1961. Furthermore, Kutaisi serves as an excellent base for exploring the surrounding region, including day trips to Tskhaltubo, a fascinating Soviet-era spa town with an eerie, ghost-town atmosphere.
3. Kazbegi (Stepantsminda): Gateway to the Majestic Caucasus Mountains
A solitary figure walking along a mountain road towards the iconic silhouette of Gergeti Trinity Church against the backdrop of the towering Caucasus Mountains.
Located just a scenic three-hour drive north of Tbilisi along the breathtaking Georgian Military Highway, Kazbegi, now also known as Stepantsminda, has long been a beloved mountain escape. This region provides an easily accessible introduction to Georgia’s dramatic mountain landscapes, without venturing too far from the capital.
The charming town of Kazbegi is dramatically encircled by the perpetually snow-capped peaks of the Greater Caucasus Mountains, creating a truly surreal and awe-inspiring panorama. The iconic Gergeti Trinity Church, perched high above Kazbegi at an elevation of 2,000m (6,562 feet), is an absolute must-see landmark. During the warmer months, a rewarding two-hour hike through picturesque alpine meadows will lead you to the church, offering stunning views at every turn. Kazbegi is a haven for outdoor enthusiasts, offering hiking, trekking, and mountaineering opportunities amidst some of the most spectacular scenery in the Caucasus.
4. Lagodekhi Protected Areas: Pristine Forests and Hiking Trails
Nestled at the tripoint where Georgia’s Kakheti region meets Azerbaijan and Dagestan (Russia), the Lagodekhi Protected Areas encompass a vast expanse of 24,000 hectares of unspoiled forest and exceptional hiking terrain. As Georgia’s oldest nature reserve, Lagodekhi is a biodiversity hotspot, featuring ancient beech forests, high-altitude alpine zones, and a rich array of wildlife, including the East Caucasian tur and brown bears.
Nature lovers and hiking enthusiasts will find themselves spoiled for choice with four marked trails within the reserve. The Black Grouse Waterfall trail leads to a cascading waterfall amidst lush greenery, while the Ninoskhevi Waterfall trail unveils another stunning waterfall. For history buffs, the Machi Fortress trail offers a glimpse into the region’s past. However, the crown jewel of Lagodekhi is the Black Rock Lake trail, a challenging multi-day trek that rewards hikers with breathtaking views of a pristine alpine lake surrounded by dramatic mountain scenery. Lagodekhi offers an immersive experience in Georgia’s untouched natural beauty, perfect for those seeking outdoor adventures and tranquility.
5. Kakheti: Georgia’s Celebrated Wine Region
A winemaker stirring grapes in a traditional Qvevri in Kakheti, showcasing the ancient Georgian winemaking process.
For wine connoisseurs and cultural explorers, Kakheti is an unmissable destination. Georgia holds the esteemed title of being one of the world’s oldest wine-producing regions, pioneering viniculture for millennia. In Kakheti, wine is not just a beverage; it’s a deeply ingrained cultural tradition. Georgian wine is uniquely crafted using a distinctive method of fermenting whole grapes, including stems and skins, in large underground clay vessels called qvevri. A visit to Kakheti, Georgia’s renowned wine country, will quickly immerse you in this ancient technique and introduce you to the unique and flavorful wines it produces.
Beyond its viticultural significance, Kakheti is also a region of profound spirituality. Wine and worship are intrinsically linked in Kakhetian culture, and the area is dotted with magnificent churches perched atop hills and mountains. Notably, the Gremi Monastery stands as a testament to the region’s historical and religious importance, offering stunning views and a glimpse into Georgia’s rich monastic heritage. Explore vineyards, sample local wines, and discover ancient monasteries in Kakheti for an authentic taste of Georgian culture.
6. Svaneti: Towering Landscapes and Unique Cultural Heritage
Svaneti, the ancestral homeland of the Svans, an ethnic group who have inhabited Georgia’s mountains for centuries, is a region of unparalleled natural beauty and distinctive cultural experiences. This remote and mountainous area showcases some of Georgia’s most breathtaking scenery, characterized by dramatic peaks, deep gorges, and traditional villages.
Nestled in sheltered valleys, Svaneti’s isolated hamlets are instantly recognizable by their iconic stone towers. These are not fortresses in the traditional sense but rather unique family homes, some of which are still inhabited today, representing a living testament to Svaneti’s enduring traditions. Mestia, the main town in Svaneti, provides a comfortable base for exploration with good tourist infrastructure and a fascinating ethnography museum that delves into the unique Svan culture. From Mestia, embark on invigorating hikes into the surrounding mountains, exploring picturesque trails and immersing yourself in the region’s stunning landscapes.
7. Gori: Tracing the Legacy of Joseph Stalin
A statue of Joseph Stalin in Gori, surrounded by trees, a somber reminder of the Soviet leader's birthplace.
Gori, located less than 100km (62 miles) east of Tbilisi, holds a unique and somewhat controversial place in Georgian history as the birthplace of Joseph Stalin, the infamous leader of the Soviet Union. Unlike much of Georgia, where Stalin’s legacy is largely viewed negatively, Gori maintains a more complex relationship with its most famous son.
Upon arriving in Gori, visitors are immediately confronted with reminders of Stalin’s enduring presence. A large Stalin poster can be seen advertising a local grocery store, and the main avenue still bears Stalin’s name, as do the city park and several civic buildings. The Joseph Stalin Museum stands as the centerpiece of Gori’s Stalin subculture, an institution dedicated to preserving his memory through a collection of photographs, documents, and personal memorabilia. Within the museum grounds, visitors can also see the humble wooden house where Stalin was born and his personal armored train carriage, offering a glimpse into the life of this complex and controversial historical figure. Gori provides a unique, albeit somber, opportunity to explore a different facet of Georgia’s 20th-century history.
8. Vardzia: An Extraordinary Cave City
Georgia’s strategic location at the crossroads of Asia and Europe has historically made it vulnerable to invasions. Throughout history, Georgians sought refuge in fortified monasteries and hidden settlements. Among these, Vardzia stands out as a truly remarkable example, a colossal and self-sufficient cave village carved into the mountainside in southern Georgia.
Perched on the slopes of Erusheti Mountain, Vardzia was ingeniously constructed in the 12th century as a sanctuary for locals seeking protection from Mongol invaders. In its prime, Vardzia was an expansive complex stretching for 500m (546 yards) and rising 13 tiers high. It housed over 6,000 individual grotto apartments, an intricate irrigation system, a church, and even a throne room for Queen Tamar, the visionary monarch who commissioned this incredible feat of engineering. Although a significant portion of Vardzia was tragically destroyed by an earthquake less than a century after its completion, a substantial part of this astonishing stone architecture remains, allowing visitors to marvel at the ingenuity and scale of this ancient cave city.
9. Batumi: A Modern Black Sea Resort with Unique Charm
A modern art installation in Batumi featuring two figures, symbolizing the city's contemporary art scene and Black Sea location.
Batumi, Georgia’s vibrant Black Sea resort town and the capital of the autonomous Adjara region, presents a striking contrast to other parts of the country with its modern, somewhat flamboyant character. Batumi possesses a unique charm, blending seaside relaxation with architectural eccentricity and a lively cultural scene.
The city’s architecture is decidedly imaginative and often whimsical, ranging from the Alphabet Tower, a towering tribute to the Georgian alphabet, to a globally renowned McDonalds designed with futuristic flair, and the Disneyland-esque Europe Square adorned with belle époque facades. Batumi is also home to the beautiful Orta Jame mosque, reflecting the Adjara region’s significant Muslim population (around 30% of Adjarians identify as Muslim). The city boasts a diverse international restaurant scene, bustling local markets, and the world’s second-largest botanical garden, offering a wealth of attractions. One of the best ways to experience Batumi is to rent a bicycle and cycle along its scenic promenade, enjoying the sea breeze and taking in the sights. Don’t miss the iconic Ali & Nino statue, a captivating moving sculpture that is particularly enchanting when illuminated at night.
10. Ushguli: Europe’s Highest Continuously Inhabited Settlement
Ushguli, recognized as one of the highest continuously inhabited settlements in Europe, is a cluster of four ancient mountain villages nestled high in the Caucasus Mountains. One of these villages, Chazhashi, is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, further highlighting the region’s historical and cultural significance. The Ushguli community and its surroundings are often described as a living ethnographic museum, offering a remarkably preserved glimpse into traditional Svan life. Adding to its visual appeal, Ushguli boasts breathtaking views of Mount Shkhara, Georgia’s highest peak.
The village of Chazhashi alone is home to over 200 medieval buildings, including the region’s signature tower houses, ancient castles, and churches. Among these, the 12th-century Lamaria Church stands out as a significant religious and architectural landmark. These tower houses served as both dwellings and defensive structures, a testament to the resilience of the Ushguli community living at an elevation of 2,100 metres (6,890 feet) above sea level. Visiting Ushguli is like stepping back in time, offering an unparalleled experience of Georgia’s remote mountain culture and stunning natural beauty.
To fully experience the wonders of Georgia, consider joining a small group adventure in Georgia and discover these incredible places firsthand.
