Do I Need A Visa To Travel? Your Comprehensive Guide

Planning a trip and wondering, “Do I need A Visa To Travel?” You’re not alone! Navigating international travel requirements can seem daunting, but TRAVELS.EDU.VN is here to simplify the process. Whether you’re dreaming of a European adventure, an Asian exploration, or a relaxing getaway in Napa Valley, understanding visa requirements is crucial for a smooth and stress-free journey. Let us guide you through the essentials of travel authorization, entry requirements, and passport validity, ensuring your vacation is memorable for all the right reasons.

1. Understanding the Basics of Visas for Travel

What exactly is a visa, and why is it essential for international travel?

A visa is an official document issued by a country that allows a foreign national to enter, stay, or transit through that country. Think of it as an entry ticket to another nation, indicating that you have been granted permission to cross its borders for a specific purpose and duration. This purpose could be tourism, business, study, work, or even transit to another destination. Securing the correct visa is the first step in planning your international trip.

1.1 Why are visas necessary for international travel?

Visas serve several critical functions for both the traveler and the host country:

Security: Visas enable governments to screen individuals before they enter the country, helping to protect national security and prevent illegal immigration.
Regulation: They regulate the flow of people across borders, ensuring that visitors comply with the country’s immigration laws.
Reciprocity: Visa policies are often based on reciprocal agreements between countries. This means that if Country A requires citizens of Country B to have a visa, Country B may impose a similar requirement on citizens of Country A.
Economic Benefits: Tourism and business travel contribute significantly to a country’s economy. Visas help manage and monitor these activities, ensuring they align with national interests.

1.2 Key Terms Related to Visas

To better navigate the world of visas, let’s define some essential terms:

Term	Definition
Visa Waiver Program (VWP)	Allows citizens of certain countries to travel to the United States for tourism or business (up to 90 days) without a visa.
Schengen Area	A zone of 27 European countries that have abolished passport and border control at their common borders.
Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA)	An online system that allows citizens of certain countries to enter a country without a visa, typically for short visits.
Visa on Arrival (VOA)	A visa that can be obtained upon arrival at an airport or border crossing, rather than in advance.
Single-Entry Visa	Allows the holder to enter the country only once. Once you leave, the visa is no longer valid.
Multiple-Entry Visa	Allows the holder to enter the country multiple times within a specified period.
Visa Extension	Allows the holder to extend their stay beyond the original visa’s validity period.

Understanding these terms will empower you to research and apply for the appropriate visa for your travel needs.

2. Determining If You Need A Visa For Your Destination

The million-dollar question: How do you know if you need a visa for your specific trip? The answer depends on several factors, including your nationality, destination, and purpose of travel. Let’s break down the key considerations:

2.1 Factors That Determine Visa Requirements

Nationality: Your citizenship is the primary determinant of visa requirements. Different countries have varying agreements and relationships, which influence visa policies. For example, U.S. citizens can travel to many countries in Europe without a visa, while citizens of other nations may need to apply for a Schengen visa.
Destination: Each country has its own set of visa regulations. These regulations can change, so it’s essential to check the specific requirements for your destination before you travel.
Purpose of Travel: The reason for your trip—tourism, business, study, work, or transit—affects the type of visa you need. A tourist visa is different from a student visa or a work permit, each with its own application process and requirements.
Length of Stay: The duration of your stay is another critical factor. Many countries allow visa-free entry for short visits (e.g., up to 90 days), but longer stays typically require a visa.
Transit Requirements: Even if your final destination doesn’t require a visa, you may need one if you’re transiting through certain countries. This is especially important to consider when booking flights with layovers.

2.2 How to Check Visa Requirements for Your Trip

Official Government Websites: The most reliable source of information is the official website of the embassy or consulate of the country you plan to visit. These websites provide detailed instructions, application forms, and lists of required documents.
IATA Travel Centre: The International Air Transport Association (IATA) offers a Travel Centre tool that allows you to check passport, visa, and health requirements based on your nationality and destination.
Travel Agencies: Reputable travel agencies, like TRAVELS.EDU.VN, can provide guidance on visa requirements and assist with the application process.
Visa Services: Specialized visa service companies offer assistance with visa applications, document preparation, and appointment scheduling. However, be sure to choose a reputable service and verify their credentials.

2.3 Example Scenario: Planning a Trip from the U.S. to Europe

Let’s illustrate how to determine visa requirements with an example. Imagine you are a U.S. citizen planning a two-week vacation in Europe, visiting France, Italy, and Spain.

Step 1: Check the U.S. Department of State website for travel information on each country.
Step 2: Visit the websites of the French, Italian, and Spanish embassies in the U.S. to confirm visa requirements.
Step 3: Research the Schengen Area, as France, Italy, and Spain are part of it. Since you are a U.S. citizen staying less than 90 days, you likely won’t need a visa for tourism.
Step 4: Ensure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay and that you have sufficient funds and a return ticket, as these may be required at the border.

Alt Text: The Eiffel Tower is seen from Passy, showcasing Parisian architecture and clear skies.

3. Types of Visas Available for Travel

Different types of visas cater to various travel purposes, each with its own set of requirements and conditions. Choosing the right visa is crucial for a successful trip.

3.1 Tourist Visas

A tourist visa is designed for individuals traveling for leisure, sightseeing, or visiting friends and family. It typically has restrictions on activities such as working or studying.

Purpose: Leisure travel, sightseeing, visiting relatives, short-term courses.
Validity: Usually valid for a short period, such as 30, 60, or 90 days.
Restrictions: Prohibits employment, long-term study, or business activities.
Requirements: Passport, application form, passport-sized photos, travel itinerary, proof of accommodation, return ticket, proof of sufficient funds.

3.2 Business Visas

A business visa is intended for individuals traveling for business-related activities, such as attending meetings, conferences, negotiating contracts, or exploring business opportunities.

Purpose: Attending conferences, meetings, negotiating contracts, business trips.
Validity: Varies, from a few weeks to several months, depending on the country.
Restrictions: Does not allow long-term employment or permanent residency.
Requirements: Passport, application form, passport-sized photos, business invitation letter, company letter, travel itinerary, proof of accommodation, proof of funds.

3.3 Student Visas

A student visa is for individuals pursuing academic studies at an educational institution in a foreign country. It requires acceptance into a recognized program of study.

Purpose: Enrolling in a recognized educational institution, pursuing academic studies.
Validity: Usually valid for the duration of the study program.
Restrictions: Requires enrollment in a full-time study program, adherence to school regulations.
Requirements: Passport, application form, passport-sized photos, acceptance letter from the educational institution, proof of funds, health insurance, academic transcripts, visa interview.

3.4 Work Visas/Permits

A work visa or permit allows individuals to work legally in a foreign country. It often requires a job offer from a local employer and may be subject to labor market assessments.

Purpose: Engaging in employment or professional activities in a foreign country.
Validity: Depends on the job contract and the country’s immigration policies.
Restrictions: Requires a valid job offer, adherence to labor laws, compliance with immigration regulations.
Requirements: Passport, application form, passport-sized photos, job offer letter, employment contract, educational qualifications, professional certifications, labor market assessment, visa interview.

3.5 Transit Visas

A transit visa is necessary for travelers who need to pass through a country to reach their final destination, especially if they need to leave the airport.

Purpose: Transiting through a country to reach a final destination.
Validity: Usually valid for a short period, such as 24, 48, or 72 hours.
Restrictions: Restricts activities to transit only; does not allow tourism or other purposes.
Requirements: Passport, application form, passport-sized photos, onward travel ticket, visa for the final destination (if required).

3.6 Other Types of Visas

Family Visas: Allow family members of citizens or residents to join them in a foreign country.
Medical Visas: For individuals seeking medical treatment in a foreign country.
Diplomatic Visas: Issued to diplomats and government officials on official business.

Choosing the correct type of visa is vital to avoid legal issues and ensure your travel plans proceed smoothly.

4. The Application Process: A Step-by-Step Guide

Applying for a visa can seem complex, but breaking it down into manageable steps can make the process more straightforward. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you navigate the application process:

4.1 Research Visa Requirements

Step 1: Determine if you need a visa based on your nationality, destination, and purpose of travel.
Step 2: Visit the official website of the embassy or consulate of the country you plan to visit.
Step 3: Check for any specific requirements, such as mandatory travel insurance or health declarations.

4.2 Gather Required Documents

Common documents required for visa applications include:

Passport: Must be valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay.
Application Form: Complete the visa application form accurately and honestly.
Passport-Sized Photos: Adhere to the specified size and background requirements.
Travel Itinerary: Provide details of your travel plans, including flight bookings and accommodation reservations.
Proof of Funds: Show evidence of sufficient funds to cover your expenses during your stay, such as bank statements or credit card statements.
Letter of Invitation: If applicable, obtain a letter of invitation from a host or organization in the destination country.
Additional Documents: Depending on the visa type, you may need to provide additional documents, such as academic transcripts, employment contracts, or business registration certificates.

4.3 Complete the Application Form

Step 1: Download the visa application form from the embassy or consulate website.
Step 2: Read the instructions carefully and fill out all sections accurately.
Step 3: Double-check all information to avoid errors or inconsistencies.
Step 4: Sign and date the application form.

4.4 Schedule an Interview (If Required)

Step 1: Check if an interview is required as part of the visa application process.
Step 2: Schedule an interview appointment at the embassy or consulate.
Step 3: Prepare for the interview by reviewing your application and gathering any additional documents that may be needed.

4.5 Pay the Visa Fee

Step 1: Determine the visa fee and accepted payment methods.
Step 2: Pay the fee according to the instructions provided by the embassy or consulate.
Step 3: Keep a record of the payment as proof of transaction.

4.6 Submit Your Application

Step 1: Gather all required documents, including the completed application form, passport, photos, and supporting documents.
Step 2: Submit your application in person or by mail, according to the instructions provided by the embassy or consulate.
Step 3: If submitting in person, make sure to arrive on time for your appointment.
Step 4: If submitting by mail, use a reliable courier service with tracking and insurance.

4.7 Await Processing

Step 1: After submitting your application, allow sufficient time for processing.
Step 2: Check the processing times provided by the embassy or consulate and plan accordingly.
Step 3: If necessary, you can track the status of your application online or contact the embassy or consulate for updates.

4.8 Receive Your Visa

Step 1: Once your application is approved, you will receive your visa.
Step 2: If submitting in person, you may need to return to the embassy or consulate to collect your visa.
Step 3: If submitting by mail, your visa will be mailed to you.
Step 4: Check the visa carefully to ensure all information is accurate.

4.9 Example Scenario: Applying for a Schengen Visa

Let’s illustrate the visa application process with an example. Imagine you are a citizen of India planning a 15-day trip to Europe, visiting Germany, France, and Italy.

Step 1: Determine that you need a Schengen visa, as India is not a visa-exempt country.
Step 2: Identify the country where you will spend the most time. If you plan to spend equal time in each country, apply through the first country you will enter (e.g., Germany).
Step 3: Visit the website of the German embassy or consulate in India to gather information and download the application form.
Step 4: Gather all required documents, including your passport, photos, travel itinerary, proof of accommodation, bank statements, and travel insurance.
Step 5: Complete the application form accurately and honestly.
Step 6: Schedule an interview appointment at the German embassy or consulate.
Step 7: Pay the visa fee and keep a record of the payment.
Step 8: Attend the interview and submit your application and supporting documents.
Step 9: Await processing and track the status of your application.
Step 10: Once approved, receive your Schengen visa and check all information carefully.

Alt Text: Brandenburg Gate at dusk with soft light highlighting its architectural details.

5. Common Mistakes to Avoid in Your Visa Application

Applying for a visa can be complex, and even a small mistake can lead to delays or rejection. Here are some common pitfalls to avoid:

5.1 Incomplete Application Forms

Ensure every section of the application form is filled out accurately and completely. Missing information can lead to processing delays or rejection.

5.2 Incorrect Information

Provide accurate information about your personal details, travel plans, and background. Inconsistencies or false statements can raise red flags and jeopardize your application.

5.3 Insufficient Funds

Demonstrate that you have sufficient funds to cover your expenses during your stay. Provide bank statements, credit card statements, or other financial documents as proof.

5.4 Invalid Passport

Make sure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay. Check the expiration date and renew your passport if necessary.

5.5 Lack of Travel Itinerary

Provide a detailed travel itinerary, including flight bookings, accommodation reservations, and planned activities. This helps the visa officer understand your travel plans and intentions.

5.6 Missing Supporting Documents

Gather all required supporting documents, such as letters of invitation, employment contracts, or academic transcripts. Failure to provide the necessary documents can lead to delays or rejection.

5.7 Failure to Attend the Interview

If an interview is required, make sure to attend the appointment on time and be prepared to answer questions about your application and travel plans.

5.8 Applying Too Late

Start the visa application process well in advance of your intended travel dates. Processing times can vary, so it’s best to apply early to avoid last-minute stress or delays.

5.9 Not Following Instructions

Read the instructions provided by the embassy or consulate carefully and follow them precisely. Failure to comply with the instructions can lead to rejection.

5.10 Poor Communication

Respond promptly to any requests for additional information or clarification from the embassy or consulate. Maintain clear and professional communication throughout the application process.

5.11 Example Scenario: Common Mistakes in a U.S. Visa Application

Consider the following common mistakes made in U.S. visa applications:

Mistake	Consequence
Incorrectly filling out the DS-160 form	Delays in processing; possibility of rejection
Not providing sufficient proof of ties to home country	Increased risk of visa denial
Lacking a clear purpose of travel	Raises suspicion about intentions; potential denial
Insufficient funds to cover expenses	Concerns about becoming a public charge; visa refusal
Criminal record or immigration violations	Significant barrier to visa approval; possible permanent ineligibility

Avoiding these common mistakes will significantly increase your chances of a successful visa application.

6. Visa-Free Travel: Options and Considerations

Visa-free travel allows citizens of certain countries to visit other countries without obtaining a visa in advance. This can save time and money, but it’s essential to understand the rules and restrictions.

6.1 Understanding Visa Waiver Programs

A Visa Waiver Program (VWP) is an agreement between countries that allows citizens of participating countries to travel to another country for tourism or business purposes without a visa for a specified period.

United States VWP: The U.S. VWP allows citizens of eligible countries to travel to the United States for tourism, business, or transit for up to 90 days without a visa.
Schengen Area: The Schengen Area allows citizens of many countries to travel within the zone for up to 90 days without a visa.

6.2 Countries with Visa-Free Agreements

Many countries have visa-free agreements with each other, allowing their citizens to travel without a visa for tourism or business purposes.

European Union (EU): The EU allows citizens of member states to travel freely within the zone without a passport or visa.
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): ASEAN countries offer visa-free travel to citizens of other member states for varying periods.
Commonwealth Countries: Commonwealth countries often have visa-free or visa-on-arrival arrangements for citizens of other member states.

6.3 Important Considerations for Visa-Free Travel

Passport Validity: Ensure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay.
Length of Stay: Adhere to the maximum allowed stay, as overstaying can result in fines, deportation, or future travel restrictions.
Purpose of Travel: Visa-free travel is typically limited to tourism or business purposes. If you plan to study, work, or engage in other activities, you may need a visa.
Entry Requirements: Even with visa-free travel, you may need to provide proof of accommodation, a return ticket, and sufficient funds at the border.
Health Requirements: Check for any health requirements, such as mandatory vaccinations or health declarations.
Travel Insurance: Consider purchasing travel insurance to protect yourself against unexpected events, such as medical emergencies or trip cancellations.

6.4 Example Scenario: Visa-Free Travel to the Schengen Area

Imagine you are a U.S. citizen planning a two-week vacation in Europe, visiting France, Italy, and Spain. Since you are a citizen of a VWP country and your stay is less than 90 days, you can travel to the Schengen Area without a visa. However, you must:

Have a valid U.S. passport.
Provide proof of accommodation and a return ticket at the border.
Adhere to the 90-day limit for visa-free stays within the Schengen Area.
Comply with any health or entry requirements.

Colosseum in Rome, Italy under a clear sky

Alt Text: The Colosseum stands prominently with a clear blue sky, showcasing its ancient architecture.

7. Electronic Travel Authorizations (ETAs): A Modern Alternative

Electronic Travel Authorizations (ETAs) are a modern alternative to traditional visas, offering a streamlined process for eligible travelers. Let’s explore the benefits and requirements of ETAs:

7.1 What is an ETA?

An ETA is an electronic permit that allows citizens of certain countries to enter another country without a visa. It is typically linked to your passport and can be obtained online.

7.2 Benefits of ETAs

Convenience: ETAs can be obtained online in a matter of minutes, without the need to visit an embassy or consulate.
Cost-Effective: ETAs are typically cheaper than traditional visas.
Speed: The application process is usually quick, with approvals often granted within minutes or hours.
Validity: ETAs are typically valid for multiple entries over a specified period, such as two years.

7.3 Countries That Use ETAs

Canada: Canada’s eTA program allows citizens of certain countries to enter Canada by air without a visa.
Australia: Australia’s ETA program allows citizens of certain countries to apply for an electronic visa online.
New Zealand: New Zealand’s NZeTA allows citizens of certain countries to enter New Zealand without a visa.

7.4 How to Apply for an ETA

Check Eligibility: Determine if you are eligible for an ETA based on your nationality and destination.
Visit the Official Website: Visit the official website of the country’s ETA program.
Complete the Application Form: Fill out the online application form accurately and honestly.
Provide Passport Details: Provide your passport details, including your passport number, expiration date, and place of issue.
Answer Security Questions: Answer security questions about your background and travel history.
Pay the Fee: Pay the ETA fee using a credit card or other accepted payment method.
Submit Your Application: Submit your application and await processing.
Receive Your ETA: Once approved, you will receive your ETA via email.
Link to Your Passport: Your ETA will be electronically linked to your passport.

7.5 Example Scenario: Applying for a Canadian eTA

Imagine you are a citizen of the United Kingdom planning a one-week vacation in Canada. Since you are eligible for a Canadian eTA, you can apply online:

Visit the official website of the Canadian eTA program.
Complete the application form accurately and honestly.
Provide your passport details and answer security questions.
Pay the eTA fee using a credit card.
Submit your application and await processing.
Once approved, receive your eTA via email and ensure it is linked to your passport.

Alt Text: Vancouver’s West End at sunset, showcasing urban buildings and distant mountains.

8. What is Visa on Arrival (VOA)?

A Visa on Arrival (VOA) is a visa that can be obtained upon arrival at an airport or border crossing, rather than in advance. This can be a convenient option for travelers who may not have had time to apply for a visa before their trip. Let’s examine the details of Visa on Arrival:

8.1 What is VOA?

Visa on Arrival (VOA) refers to a visa that can be obtained upon arrival at the port of entry of the destination country, such as an airport or border crossing. Instead of applying for a visa in advance at an embassy or consulate, travelers eligible for VOA can obtain the visa upon arrival by presenting the necessary documents and paying the required fee.

8.2 Benefits of Visa on Arrival (VOA)

Convenience: VOA is convenient for travelers who may not have had the time or opportunity to apply for a visa in advance.
Flexibility: VOA provides flexibility for spontaneous travel plans or last-minute trips.
Accessibility: VOA is available at many popular tourist destinations, making it accessible to a wide range of travelers.

8.3 Countries That Offer Visa on Arrival (VOA)

Many countries offer VOA to citizens of certain countries, including:

Indonesia: VOA is available to citizens of many countries at major airports and seaports in Indonesia.
Thailand: VOA is available to citizens of many countries at major airports and border crossings in Thailand.
Egypt: VOA is available to citizens of many countries at major airports in Egypt.
Jordan: VOA is available to citizens of many countries at major airports and border crossings in Jordan.
Kenya: VOA is available to citizens of many countries at major airports and border crossings in Kenya.

8.4 How to Obtain VOA

Check Eligibility: Verify if you are eligible for VOA based on your nationality and destination.
Prepare Required Documents: Gather the necessary documents, including your passport, passport-sized photos, travel itinerary, and proof of accommodation.
Arrive at the Port of Entry: Upon arrival at the airport or border crossing, proceed to the VOA counter.
Complete the Application Form: Fill out the VOA application form accurately and honestly.
Pay the Fee: Pay the VOA fee using cash or credit card, as accepted.
Submit Your Application: Submit your application and supporting documents to the immigration officer.
Receive Your Visa: Once approved, you will receive your visa, which will be stamped in your passport.

8.5 Example Scenario: Obtaining VOA in Thailand

Imagine you are a citizen of the United States planning a two-week vacation in Thailand. Since you are eligible for VOA, you can obtain a visa upon arrival at Suvarnabhumi Airport in Bangkok:

Prepare your passport, photos, travel itinerary, and proof of accommodation.
Upon arrival, proceed to the VOA counter.
Complete the VOA application form and pay the required fee.
Submit your application and supporting documents to the immigration officer.
Once approved, receive your visa, which will be stamped in your passport.

Alt Text: Wat Arun is seen at sunset with the Chao Phraya River in the foreground, highlighting its elaborate architecture.

9. Dealing with Visa Refusals: What to Do Next

A visa refusal can be disheartening, but it doesn’t necessarily mean the end of your travel plans. Understanding the reasons for the refusal and taking appropriate action can improve your chances of success in the future.

9.1 Understanding the Reasons for Refusal

Review the Refusal Letter: Read the refusal letter carefully to understand the reasons for the denial.
Identify Deficiencies: Identify any deficiencies in your application, such as incomplete information, insufficient funds, or lack of supporting documents.
Seek Clarification: If the reasons for refusal are unclear, contact the embassy or consulate for clarification.

9.2 Options After a Visa Refusal

Reapply: If you can address the reasons for refusal, you may reapply for a visa.
Appeal: Some countries allow you to appeal a visa refusal decision.
Seek Legal Advice: If you believe the refusal was unjustified, consider seeking legal advice from an immigration attorney.
Adjust Travel Plans: If you are unable to obtain a visa for your intended destination, consider adjusting your travel plans and choosing an alternative destination.

9.3 Tips for a Successful Reapplication

Address Deficiencies: Address any deficiencies in your application by providing additional information, correcting errors, or gathering missing documents.
Provide Additional Information: Provide additional information to strengthen your application, such as updated bank statements, letters of support, or travel insurance.
Demonstrate Strong Ties to Home Country: Provide evidence of strong ties to your home country, such as employment contracts, property ownership, or family commitments.
Seek Guidance: Seek guidance from a travel agency or immigration consultant to improve your application.
Apply Well in Advance: Apply well in advance of your intended travel dates to allow sufficient time for processing.

9.4 Example Scenario: Dealing with a U.S. Visa Refusal

Imagine you applied for a U.S. tourist visa and were denied due to insufficient proof of ties to your home country.

Step 1: Review the refusal letter to understand the reasons for the denial.
Step 2: Gather additional documents to demonstrate strong ties to your home country, such as property ownership documents, employment contracts, and family commitments.
Step 3: Write a cover letter explaining your travel plans and intentions.
Step 4: Reapply for the visa, submitting the additional documents and cover letter.

Alt Text: The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco is shrouded in mist, adding a dramatic and iconic view.

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FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions About Travel Visas

Navigating the world of travel visas can bring up a lot of questions. Here are some of the most frequently asked questions to help you understand the essentials:

Q: What is a visa and why do I need one?

A: A visa is an official document issued by a country that allows a foreign national to enter, stay, or transit through that country. It’s needed for many international trips to ensure compliance with immigration laws and for security purposes.
Q: How do I know if I need a visa for my destination?

A: Visa requirements depend on your nationality, destination, purpose of travel, and length of stay. The best way to check is by visiting the official website of the embassy or consulate of the country you plan to visit or using the IATA Travel Centre tool.
Q: What types of visas are available?

A: Common types of visas include tourist visas, business visas, student visas, work visas/permits, and transit visas. The type of visa you need depends on the purpose of your trip.
Q: How do I apply for a visa?

A: The visa application process typically involves researching visa requirements, gathering required documents, completing the application form, scheduling an interview (if required), paying the visa fee, submitting your application, awaiting processing, and receiving your visa.
Q: What are some common mistakes to avoid in my visa application?

A: Common mistakes include incomplete application forms, incorrect information, insufficient funds, invalid passport, lack of travel itinerary, and missing supporting documents.
Q: What is visa-free travel and who is eligible?

A: Visa-free travel allows citizens of certain countries to visit other countries without obtaining a visa in advance. Eligibility depends on the agreements between countries and is often limited to tourism or business purposes.
Q: What is an Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA) and how does it work?

A: An ETA is an electronic permit that allows citizens of certain countries to enter another country without a