Safety and Security in the United States
Understanding the Risk Level
United States – Exercise Normal Security Precautions
Travelers to the United States are generally advised to exercise normal security precautions. This is the lowest level of travel advisory, indicating that the country is generally safe for travel, but it’s still important to be aware of your surroundings and take sensible safety measures.
Border Areas with Mexico
It’s important to be aware that criminal activity linked to drug trafficking is more prevalent in areas bordering Mexico, specifically in these states:
- California
- Arizona
- New Mexico
- Texas
If you plan to cross the U.S.-Mexico border by vehicle, heightened vigilance is recommended:
- Remain extremely vigilant: Be aware of your surroundings at all times.
- Use official crossings only: Stick to recognized border crossing points.
- Avoid night travel: Limit border crossings to daylight hours whenever possible.
Crime Risks in the US
Petty Crime
Petty theft, including pickpocketing and purse snatching, is a concern, particularly in busy urban areas and popular tourist destinations.
- Secure your valuables: Never leave bags or valuable items unattended, especially in parked vehicles, including rental cars, even if they are placed in the trunk.
- Protect your documents: Ensure your belongings, especially passports and travel documents, are always secure and not easily accessible to thieves.
Violent Crime Considerations
In major cities, violent crime is more common in lower-income neighborhoods, especially during evening and nighttime hours. Alcohol consumption often plays a role in these incidents. While gang activity and organized crime groups are primary drivers, individuals may also commit violent acts. Although tourists are less frequently targeted:
- Stay Aware: Be mindful of your surroundings in all locations and at all times.
- Check Local Crime Stats: Consult official crime statistics for neighborhoods you plan to visit, especially before going out at night.
- Don’t Resist Robbery: If confronted by robbers, remain calm and do not resist their demands.
Further Resources: For detailed crime statistics, refer to the Crime Data Explorer provided by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Gun Violence Concerns
The United States has a high rate of gun ownership. In many states, it is legal for citizens to openly carry firearms in public.
Mass shooting incidents, unfortunately, occur and often result in casualties. While tourists are rarely directly involved, the risk of being caught in such an event, although low, does exist.
It is advisable to understand how to react in an active shooter situation.
Resource: Review the Active Shooter Event Quick Reference Guide from the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency for guidance.
Risks of Home Break-ins
For those owning vacation homes in the US, break-ins and burglaries are a potential concern.
Always ensure that windows and doors are securely locked, particularly at night and when you are away from your property.
Common Criminal Tactics to Watch Out For
Be alert to robbery schemes specifically targeting tourists.
Some criminals operating near airports and tourist areas use ploys on highways. They may signal to tourists, indicating a problem with their vehicle, hoping to get them to stop and expose valuables. Another tactic involves throwing objects at windshields to force drivers to pull over.
If you suspect such a ploy:
- Do not stop on the roadside: Avoid pulling over immediately.
- Drive to Safety: Activate your hazard lights and slowly drive to a well-lit gas station, police station, or another safe, populated location.
Demonstrations and Public Gatherings
Demonstrations and protests can occur, sometimes with little notice. Even peaceful gatherings can unexpectedly turn violent. These events can also disrupt traffic and public transport.
- Avoid Demonstration Areas: Stay away from locations where demonstrations or large gatherings are taking place.
- Follow Local Authority Instructions: Comply with directions from local police and authorities.
- Monitor Local News: Keep track of local news and media for updates on any ongoing demonstrations.
Resource: For more information on safety during large events, consult resources on Mass gatherings (large-scale events).
Fraud and Financial Crime
Credit card and ATM fraud, including debit card cloning, is a reality. Exercise caution when using your cards:
- Keep Cards in Sight: Pay close attention whenever your credit or debit cards are being handled by others.
- Use Secure ATMs: Use ATMs located in well-lit public areas or inside reputable banks or businesses.
- Inspect Card Readers: Avoid using card readers that appear tampered with or have unusual attachments.
- Shield the Keypad: Cover the keypad with your hand when entering your PIN at ATMs or payment terminals.
- Monitor Account Statements: Regularly check your bank and credit card statements for any unauthorized transactions.
Resource: Learn more about protecting yourself from Overseas fraud.
Terrorism Threats
There is an ongoing threat of terrorism in the United States. Terrorist attacks could occur at any time and in various locations.
Potential targets include:
- Government buildings and facilities, including schools
- Places of worship
- Airports and transportation hubs, including train and bus stations
- Public spaces like tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centers, markets, and hotels
Maintain a high level of vigilance and be aware of your surroundings in all public places.
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) operates a public alert system to disseminate information about potential terrorist threats.
Resource: Stay informed through the National Terrorism Advisory System from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
Safety for Hiking and Mountaineering
If you plan to engage in hiking, backpacking, or mountaineering activities:
- Never go alone: Always participate in these activities with a companion and consider hiring an experienced guide from a reputable company.
- Get Adequate Insurance: Purchase comprehensive travel insurance that includes helicopter rescue and medical evacuation coverage.
- Know Your Route: Obtain detailed information about hiking trails or ski slopes beforehand and stay on marked paths.
- Assess Your Fitness: Ensure you are physically fit enough to handle the demands of your planned activity.
- Proper Equipment and Information: Be properly equipped and well-informed about weather forecasts and potential hazards.
- Share Your Itinerary: Inform a family member or friend of your detailed itinerary, including your expected return time.
- Altitude Sickness Awareness: Learn to recognize the symptoms of acute altitude sickness, which can be life-threatening.
Air Travel Safety
It is important to note that government travel advisories generally do not assess the safety standards of foreign domestic airlines.
Resource: For general information on air travel safety, refer to Information about foreign domestic airlines.
Entry and Exit Essentials for the United States
Entry and exit regulations are determined by each country. It’s crucial to understand that the Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet the entry or exit requirements of the United States.
The information provided here is based on data from U.S. authorities, but regulations can change without prior notice.
Always verify the most current requirements with the Foreign Representatives in Canada or the U.S. Embassy or Consulate before you travel.
Passport Requirements
Proof of Canadian citizenship is mandatory for entry into the U.S. Several types of documents can fulfill this requirement.
Air Travel Passport Requirements
Canadian citizens flying to the United States, including those just transiting, must present one of the following:
- Valid Passport: A passport valid for the entire duration of your stay in the United States.
- NEXUS Card: A valid NEXUS card, which can be used at designated self-service kiosks at participating airports.
This rule applies to all Canadian citizens, including infants and children, traveling by air to or through the United States.
Land and Water Travel Passport Requirements
Under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI), Canadian citizens aged 16 and older entering the U.S. by land or water must present one of these documents:
- Valid Passport
- Trusted Traveler Program Card: Such as NEXUS, SENTRI, or FAST cards.
- Enhanced Driver’s License (EDL) or Enhanced Identification Card (EIC): Issued by provinces or territories with U.S.-approved EDL/EIC programs.
- Secure Certificate of Indian Status
The WHTI-compliant document you use must be valid for your entire stay in the United States.
For Canadian citizens aged 15 and under entering the United States by land or water, acceptable documents include:
- Passport
- Birth Certificate (Original or Copy)
- Canadian Citizenship Certificate (Original)
Other Acceptable Travel Documents
Entry rules can differ if you are traveling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Always confirm requirements with the nearest U.S. diplomatic mission before traveling.
Additional Border Information
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers may ask for your U.S. address, including addresses in Puerto Rico. They may also request:
- Proof of Canadian Ties: Evidence of residential, employment, or educational connections to Canada.
- Trip Legitimacy and Duration: Proof that your trip has a genuine purpose and a reasonable length.
- Financial Sufficiency: Evidence of sufficient funds to cover your expenses during your stay.
Dual Citizenship Considerations
While U.S. authorities do not formally mandate dual nationals to carry both a U.S. and a Canadian passport, carrying both can simplify your entry into the United States and your return to Canada.
Visa Requirements for US Travel
Canadian visitors are generally allowed to stay in the United States for up to 6 months without a visa. You must declare your intended length of stay upon arrival.
In most cases, Canadian citizens do not need visitor, business, transit, or other types of visas to enter the United States from Canada. However, there are exceptions.
Resource: Check the Canadians Requiring Visas page on the U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada website.
Visa Requirements for Canadian Permanent Residents
Canadian permanent residents may require a non-immigrant visa to enter the United States.
This visa must be obtained from U.S. authorities before you travel. You will also need a valid passport from your country of citizenship.
Resource: For more information, see Cross U.S. Borders on the U.S. Customs and Border Protection website.
Visa Waiver Program (VWP)
Citizens of countries participating in the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) do not need a visa for stays of up to 90 days in the U.S. Instead, they must obtain pre-travel authorization through the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) before departure.
US Permanent Residents
Canadians who are permanent residents of the United States must present a valid U.S. Permanent Resident Card (Green Card) upon entry.
Resource: For details, refer to International travel as a U.S. Permanent Resident on the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services website.
First Nations and Native Americans Born in Canada
Members of Canada’s First Nations and Native Americans born in Canada have the right to freely enter the United States for employment, study, retirement, investment, or immigration purposes.
Working in the United States
Most Canadian business travelers can seek admission at a U.S. port of entry without needing a non-immigrant visa beforehand. However, specific documentation may be required for certain business-related categories to establish eligibility for entry.
If you plan to work in the United States, contact the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate for specific requirements.
Studying in the United States
Canadian citizens do not need visas to study in the U.S. or participate in student exchange programs. However, registration with SEVIS, the U.S. student tracking system, is necessary. Students must present their SEVIS registration form to CBP officers each time they enter the United States.
Duration of Stay in the US
If you intend to stay longer than 6 months, you must apply for an extension from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) after arriving in the U.S., but before your initial authorized stay expires. Immigration officers may require proof that you are genuinely a temporary visitor.
U.S. immigration regulations are strictly enforced. Overstaying your authorized period can lead to serious consequences, including detention and deportation.
There is no fixed waiting period before you can re-enter the U.S. after an authorized stay. However, if a CBP officer suspects you are spending more time in the U.S. than in Canada, you will need to prove that you are a temporary visitor and not a U.S. resident.
Resource: Learn more about extending your stay at Extend your stay on the USCIS website.
Biometric Requirements at US Borders
Upon entering the United States, non-U.S. citizens are generally required to provide biometrics, such as digital fingerprints and a photograph.
Most Canadian citizens are exempt from this requirement, except for those who:
- Require a visa or a waiver of ineligibility
- Need to obtain an I-94 Arrival/Departure Record form
Random biometric screenings of exempt Canadians have occurred at border crossings and airports. If you believe your biometric information was wrongfully collected, you can address your concerns directly with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
Electronic Device Inspections at the Border
U.S. border agents have the authority to search your electronic devices, including phones, computers, and tablets, when you enter the United States. They do not need a reason to request passwords to unlock your devices.
Refusal to cooperate may result in device seizure, travel delays, or denial of entry if you are not a U.S. citizen.
To protect your data, consider placing your devices in airplane mode before crossing the border to prevent accidental downloading of remote files.
Resource: Review the Inspection of Electronic Devices guidance from U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
Preclearance in Canada for US Entry
Preclearance facilities at certain Canadian airports allow travelers to clear U.S. customs and immigration before departing Canada, rather than upon arrival in the United States.
When using U.S. preclearance in Canada, you are still subject to U.S. entry requirements and will be interviewed by a U.S. preclearance officer. These officers can inspect luggage and deny entry into the United States.
Under Canada’s Preclearance Act, knowingly making a false or deceptive statement to a preclearance officer is an offense. While in a preclearance area, you are subject to Canadian law, including the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
You have the right to withdraw your request to enter the U.S. and leave the preclearance area at any time unless a U.S. preclearance officer has reasonable grounds to suspect you have made a false statement or obstructed an officer. In such cases, you may be detained for violations of Canadian law.
Resource: See Preclearance Locations on the U.S. Customs and Border Protection website for participating airports.
Criminal Record and US Entry
Having a criminal record, regardless of the offense’s severity or age, may lead to denial of entry into the United States. You may also encounter issues when transiting through U.S. airport facilities. A Canadian pardon for an offense is not recognized under U.S. law for entry purposes.
If you are ineligible to enter the United States, you can apply for a temporary waiver of inadmissibility directly to U.S. Customs and Border Protection through the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Canadian citizens can also apply at land border crossings.
U.S. ports of entry utilize computerized systems connected to centralized databases containing criminal records from both Canada and the United States. Even if you have entered the U.S. in the past without issue, a criminal record or previous denial of entry can cause problems. Attempting to enter without a waiver could lead to detention and a permanent ban from the United States.
Cannabis and US Border Entry
Past cannabis use, or use of any substance prohibited by U.S. federal laws, can result in denial of entry to the U.S. Attempting to enter the U.S. for reasons related to the cannabis industry may also lead to inadmissibility.
Boating in U.S. Waters
Operators of small pleasure boats arriving in the United States from a foreign port must immediately report their arrival to U.S. Customs and Border Protection for in-person inspection at a designated reporting location.
Exceptions may apply, including under the Nexus Marine program.
Resource: Review Pleasure Boat Reporting Requirements on the U.S. Customs and Border Protection website.
Cruises and Passport Requirements
A valid Canadian passport is required for cruises departing from the United States. Some countries visited during the cruise may deny entry without a passport. A passport is also essential for re-entering the United States at the end of your cruise.
Cruise ship authorities may retain your passport during the cruise for administrative purposes and to facilitate U.S. immigration clearance.
If your passport is held by ship authorities:
- Obtain a receipt for your passport.
- Ensure you get your passport back at the end of the cruise.
- Always keep a photocopy of your passport with you.
Traveling with Pets to the US
Pets must appear healthy upon inspection at a U.S. port of entry. Signs of poor health may result in examination or testing at your expense, or denial of entry.
Additional requirements for pets may include:
- Import permit
- Export or health certificate
- Proof of vaccination, such as rabies vaccination
Quarantine requirements may also apply to animals.
Children Traveling to the US
Canadian citizens under 19 traveling with a school or organized group under adult supervision must have written consent from their parent or guardian.
Yellow Fever Entry Requirements
Refer to the health section for information on potential entry requirements related to yellow fever vaccination.
Health Considerations for Travel to the United States
Important Travel Health Notices
This section details potential health risks and ongoing health concerns in the United States. Follow this advice to minimize your risk of illness during your trip. Note that not all risks are listed.
Consult a healthcare professional or visit a travel health clinic ideally 6 weeks before your trip for personalized health advice and recommendations.
Routine Vaccinations
Ensure your routine vaccinations, as recommended by your province or territory, are up-to-date before traveling to the United States.
These vaccines include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), and annual influenza.
Recommended Pre-Travel Vaccines and Medications
You may be at risk for preventable diseases while traveling in the United States. Discuss with a travel health professional which vaccines or medications are appropriate for you, based on your destination and itinerary.
Yellow Fever Vaccine
Yellow Fever Risk: There is no risk of yellow fever in the United States.
Entry Requirement: Proof of yellow fever vaccination is not required for entry into the United States.
Recommendation: Yellow fever vaccination is generally not recommended for travel to the United States.
Note: Country entry requirements may not always reflect your actual risk of yellow fever. Contact the nearest diplomatic or consular office of the destination(s) you plan to visit to confirm any specific entry requirements.
Resources:
Measles Vaccine
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease spread through direct contact and airborne droplets.
Anyone not protected against measles is at risk of infection when traveling internationally.
Consult your healthcare provider to ensure you are fully protected against measles before any international travel.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
Hepatitis B is a risk in all destinations, including the United States. It is a viral liver disease transmitted through exposure to blood and bodily fluids. Travelers who may have exposure through sexual contact, medical treatments, needle sharing, tattoos, acupuncture, or occupational hazards are at higher risk.
Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travelers. Prevent hepatitis B infection by practicing safe sex, using sterile drug equipment, and ensuring tattoos and piercings are done in regulated settings.
Resource: Prevent hepatitis B infection.
Influenza (Flu) Vaccine
Annual influenza vaccination is the best way to protect yourself from seasonal flu. Get your flu shot at least 2 weeks before traveling.
Flu occurs worldwide.
- Northern Hemisphere Flu Season: November to April
- Southern Hemisphere Flu Season: April to October
- Tropics: Flu activity year-round
Flu vaccines formulated for one hemisphere may offer limited protection in the other.
The flu virus spreads through coughing, sneezing, and contaminated surfaces. Practice frequent hand washing and wear a mask if you have respiratory symptoms.
Resource: Get the flu shot.
COVID-19 Vaccination
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an ongoing global health concern. It spreads through direct contact and airborne droplets.
It is recommended that all eligible travelers complete a full COVID-19 vaccine series, including any recommended booster doses, before traveling internationally. Vaccines are highly effective in preventing severe illness, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19. However, even with vaccination, there is still a risk of infection. Unvaccinated individuals are at higher risk of infection and severe disease.
Check your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements before travel. Consult your healthcare provider to ensure you are adequately protected against COVID-19.
Rabies Vaccine
Rabies is present in some wildlife species in the United States, including bats. Rabies is a fatal disease transmitted through bites or scratches from infected animals.
If bitten or scratched by an animal, wash the wound immediately with soap and water and seek medical attention.
Discuss rabies vaccination with your healthcare provider before travel, especially if you will be working directly with wildlife.
Food and Water Safety
Many illnesses are caused by consuming contaminated food or beverages, or by contact with contaminated water.
Resource: Learn about food and water precautions to prevent illness abroad. Remember: “Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!”
- Avoid getting water in your eyes, mouth, or nose while swimming or participating in freshwater activities, particularly after flooding or heavy rain.
- Avoid swallowing water while showering, bathing, or swimming in pools or hot tubs.
Insect Bite Prevention
Diseases spread by insect bites (mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, flies) are a risk. When in areas with potential insect-borne diseases:
- Use insect repellent on exposed skin.
- Wear light-colored, loose, tightly woven clothing (nylon or polyester).
- Minimize insect exposure, especially during peak biting times.
- Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in non-enclosed buildings.
Resource: Learn more about insect bite prevention.
Zika Virus
Zika virus is a risk in some areas of the United States, primarily spread by mosquito bites, and also sexually transmitted. Zika virus poses a risk of serious birth defects.
Resource: Check the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Areas at Risk for Zika for current Zika risk areas in the United States.
If traveling to a Zika risk area:
- Prevent mosquito bites at all times.
- Use condoms correctly or avoid sexual contact, especially if pregnant.
Pregnant women or those planning pregnancy should discuss Zika risks with their healthcare provider and may choose to postpone travel to Zika-risk areas.
Resource: Zika virus: Pregnant or planning a pregnancy.
Dengue Fever
Dengue risk in the United States is sporadic. Dengue is a viral disease spread by mosquito bites, causing flu-like symptoms and potentially severe dengue, which can be fatal.
- Dengue risk levels vary seasonally and regionally.
- Dengue-carrying mosquitoes typically bite during daytime, especially around sunrise and sunset.
- Protect yourself from mosquito bites. There is no vaccine or medication to prevent dengue fever.
Animal Precautions
Infections like rabies and avian influenza can be transmitted between humans and animals. Activities in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting live animal markets increase animal contact risk.
Avoid contact with animals, including pets, livestock, monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats. Avoid eating undercooked wild game. Supervise children closely around animals.
Avian Influenza
Human cases of avian influenza have been reported in the United States. Avian influenza is a viral infection spreading easily among birds and, rarely, to mammals, including humans. Risk to most travelers is low.
Avoid contact with birds (wild, farm, backyard – alive or dead) and surfaces contaminated with bird droppings. Ensure poultry and eggs are thoroughly cooked.
Higher-risk travelers include those visiting live animal markets or poultry farms, working with poultry, hunting wild birds, or working with wild birds or mammals for research or rehabilitation.
Seasonal influenza vaccination is recommended for all eligible individuals to protect against human influenza viruses. While it doesn’t prevent avian influenza, it reduces the chance of co-infection.
Person-to-Person Infections
Stay home if you are sick. Practice proper cough and sneeze etiquette.
Reduce your risk of colds, flu, and other illnesses by:
- Washing hands frequently.
- Limiting time in crowded or enclosed spaces and at large-scale events.
- Avoiding close contact with people who are ill.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV, and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids. Practice safe sex, use condoms, and limit sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel about mpox vaccine eligibility.
Medical Services and Facilities
Healthcare in the United States is excellent and widely available. However, medical treatment costs are very high.
Hospitals are required to treat emergencies regardless of ability to pay, but patients will be billed for all services. Foreign visitors without travel health insurance will need to pay out-of-pocket for medical care.
Ensure you have comprehensive travel insurance that includes medical evacuation and hospital stay coverage.
Resource: Health and safety outside Canada.
Medication Regulations
There are restrictions on importing certain prescription drugs into the United States. Some over-the-counter medications in Canada may require a prescription in the U.S.
- Bring sufficient medication for your trip.
- Have a physician’s note explaining your condition, if applicable.
Important Health Reminders
Travel decisions and personal safety are your responsibility. Be prepared, and do not expect medical services to be identical to those in Canada. Pack a travel health kit, especially when traveling away from major cities.
Laws and Cultural Norms in the United States
You are required to adhere to all local laws in the United States.
Learn about procedures and assistance options if you are arrested or detained abroad.
Laws can vary significantly between states. Consult the website of the specific state you plan to visit before arrival.
Penalties for Legal Violations
Serious legal violations can result in jail sentences or, in some states, the death penalty. Canadian citizenship offers no immunity or preferential treatment under U.S. law.
Jail sentences are served in U.S. prisons unless a transfer to a Canadian prison is approved by both the United States and Canada, under a treaty allowing Canadians imprisoned in the U.S. to request transfer to serve sentences in Canada.
Drug-Related Offenses
Penalties for illegal drug possession, use, or trafficking are severe, with lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines for convicted offenders.
Resource: Drugs, alcohol and travel.
Cannabis Laws
While cannabis possession is legal in some U.S. states, it remains illegal under U.S. federal law in any form or quantity, making it illegal to transport across the Canada-U.S. border.
Do not attempt to cross the border with any amount of cannabis, even if traveling to a state where it is legal. Doing so can lead to legal prosecution, fines, and potential jail time.
Prescription Medication Regulations
Personal medication may be subject to U.S. drug importation laws.
Generally, a 90-day supply of personal medication is allowed. U.S. Customs and Border Protection has discretion to permit or deny entry of Canadian-purchased medication.
When traveling with prescription medication:
- Bring only the quantity needed for your trip plus a week’s extra supply.
- Keep medication in original packaging with dispensary labels showing your name, drug name, dosage, and DIN (drug identification number).
- Carry a duplicate of your original prescription, listing both generic and trade names.
- Have a physician’s note explaining your condition and the need for syringes, if applicable.
Resource: Prohibited and restricted items – U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
2SLGBTQI+ Travelers
Some U.S. states have enacted laws and policies that may affect 2SLGBTQI+ persons. Check relevant state and local laws before traveling.
Resource: Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics.
Dual Citizenship Considerations
Dual citizenship is legally recognized in the United States.
If you are a Canadian and U.S. dual citizen, Canadian consular services may be limited while you are in the U.S., and you may be subject to different entry/exit requirements.
International Child Abduction
The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction applies between Canada and the United States. It assists parents in the return of children wrongfully removed to or retained in participating countries in violation of custody rights.
If your child has been wrongfully taken to or is being held in the United States, and if the Convention applies:
- Act quickly.
- Contact the Central Authority in your province or territory for Hague Convention application information.
- Consult lawyers in both Canada and the U.S.
- Report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or Global Affairs Canada’s Vulnerable Children’s Consular Unit.
Canadian consular officials cannot intervene in private legal matters or another country’s judicial affairs.
Expedited Removal at US Border
U.S. Customs and Border Protection can bar non-citizens from the United States for five years if they believe individuals presented false documentation or misrepresented themselves. Lying to a customs official is a serious offense.
There is no formal appeal process for expedited removal. However, you can request a supervisory review by writing to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services district director for the port of entry where the decision was made if you believe the law was misapplied.
Resource: Find a USCIS office – U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.
Import and Export Regulations
Contact the specific U.S. Customs and Border Protection office at your intended Canada/U.S. border crossing for the latest information on allowances and restrictions on items you can bring into the United States, as these regulations change frequently.
Declare all items at your point of entry.
Resource: Contact information for USCBP – U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
Travel to Cuba from the United States
U.S. sanctions restrict travel between the United States and Cuba. Tourist travel is not permitted. Travel from the U.S. to Cuba is possible under specific authorized categories if you meet certain requirements.
Resource: Cuba sanctions – U.S. Department of the Treasury.
Driving Regulations in the US
You can drive in the United States with a valid Canadian driver’s license.
Traffic laws vary by state.
Automobile Insurance Requirements
Many states mandate automobile insurance and require proof of insurance. Check with each state’s motor vehicles department for specific information.
If driving to Mexico from the U.S. in your personal vehicle, you may need to purchase Mexican liability and additional auto insurance.
Hitchhiking Risks
Never cross the border with a hitchhiker or as a hitchhiker. Even if you are not carrying illegal items, a hitchhiker or driver might be, and you could be implicated.
Be cautious about who and what you transport in your vehicle, as you may be held responsible for the actions and belongings of your passengers, even without your knowledge.
Currency and Money Matters
The currency in the United States is the U.S. dollar (USD).
Canadian currency and personal checks from Canadian banks are not widely accepted. Most banking transactions require a U.S. bank account.
There is no limit to the amount of money you can legally bring into or out of the United States. However, you must declare to U.S. Customs and Border Protection if you are carrying more than US$10,000 (in cash, checks, money orders, traveler’s checks, or other convertible assets) or if you expect to receive more than US$10,000 while in the United States.
Failure to declare can result in civil and criminal penalties, including currency seizure.
Natural Disasters and Climate Considerations in the United States
Recent Events: Los Angeles County Fires
In January 2025, Southern California experienced multiple fires, including the Palisades Fire and the Eaton Fire. While contained, these fires caused casualties and property damage. Hazardous dust and ash may still be present due to strong winds, and there is an increased risk of flooding and mudslides in fire-affected areas.
A state of emergency was declared, and evacuation zones remain restricted to residents with a curfew from 6 pm to 6 am.
If you are in Los Angeles:
- Stay away from fire-affected areas.
- Consider wearing a mask outdoors during windy conditions.
- Follow instructions from local emergency services, including evacuation orders.
- Monitor local media for situation updates.
Resource: More information on bush and forest fires.
Natural disasters can occur unexpectedly at any time.
Resource: Plan Ahead for Disasters – U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
Climate Change Impacts
Climate change is increasingly impacting the United States, leading to more frequent extreme and unusual weather events that may affect travel plans. Monitor local media for the latest weather information.
Hurricane Season
Hurricanes are common from:
- May to November in the eastern Pacific Ocean (including Hawaii and Guam)
- June to November in the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico
These severe storms pose significant safety risks and can disrupt essential services.
If traveling to these regions during hurricane season:
- Recognize the serious safety risks.
- Be prepared to alter travel plans on short notice, potentially shortening or canceling your trip.
- Stay informed about regional weather forecasts.
- Carry emergency contact information for airlines or tour operators.
- Follow advice and instructions from local authorities.
Flooding and Landslides
Heavy rainfall can cause flooding and landslides, making roads impassable and damaging infrastructure.
- Exercise caution, particularly near rivers.
- Stay updated on regional weather forecasts.
- Follow instructions from local authorities, including evacuation orders.
Earthquake Zones
Earthquakes are a risk in these states:
- Alaska
- California
- Hawaii
- Nevada
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Washington State
If in an earthquake-prone area, familiarize yourself with emergency procedures.
Heat and Humidity
Heat and humidity can be extreme, especially during the hot season from June to September, particularly in the South and Southwest.
Learn to recognize symptoms of dehydration and heatstroke, which can be life-threatening.
Bush and Forest Fires (Wildfires)
Bush and forest fires are common and pose a risk across much of the United States, especially during summer.
Wildfires are most frequent during dry periods with high temperatures but can occur year-round. Smoke from wildfires can severely reduce air quality.
In case of a major fire:
- Stay away from affected areas, especially if you have respiratory issues.
- Follow instructions from local emergency services, including evacuation orders.
- Monitor local media for updates.
Tornadoes
Tornadoes are a risk across much of the United States, particularly in central, mid-western, and southern states. Tornadoes can occur with little warning.
- Monitor local news and weather reports.
- Follow instructions from local authorities.
Volcanoes
Active volcanoes exist in the United States.
Volcanic eruptions can cause air travel disruptions and poor air quality, especially for those with respiratory conditions.
- Monitor local media for updates.
- Follow advice from local authorities, including evacuation orders.
- Be ready to change travel plans or evacuate on short notice.
Tsunamis
Hawaii is prone to tsunamis, which can occur minutes after a nearby earthquake. Tsunami risk can persist for hours after the initial tremor.
If staying on the coast, understand local tsunami evacuation plans.
Resource: Tsunami Evacuation Zones – Government of Hawaii.
This comprehensive travel advisory aims to provide you with essential information for a safe and informed trip to the United States. Always stay updated on current advisories and local conditions before and during your travel.
