Dominican Republic Travel Warnings: Safety Advice for Tourists

Risk Level: Exercise High Caution in the Dominican Republic

When planning your trip to the Dominican Republic, it’s crucial to be aware of the Travel Warnings For Dominican Republic and understand the potential risks involved. The Dominican Republic is currently designated as a location where travelers should exercise a high degree of caution primarily due to crime rates. This doesn’t mean you should cancel your trip, but rather be well-informed and prepared to ensure your safety and security throughout your visit.

Safety and Security Concerns in Detail

Border Security with Haiti: A Complex Situation

The land and sea borders between the Dominican Republic and Haiti are currently closed to travelers. It’s important to note that the Embassy of Canada in Santo Domingo cannot provide assistance for individuals attempting to enter the Dominican Republic from Haiti.

The border region, particularly around Dajabón, presents a highly unpredictable security landscape. Disturbances and security incidents are frequent occurrences and can escalate into violence. Emergency services in these border areas are often unreliable or completely unavailable.

If you must travel near the Haitian border, consider these precautions:

Carry your passport: Ensure your passport is always on your person and easily accessible.
Avoid nighttime travel: Refrain from traveling in the border region after dark.
Stay informed: Regularly monitor local news outlets to remain updated on the evolving situation.
Follow authorities’ guidance: Adhere to all instructions issued by local authorities and security personnel.

For the most up-to-date information on border crossings and regulations, refer to the General Directorate of Migration, the official government resource of the Dominican Republic.

Crime: A Significant Travel Warning for Dominican Republic

Crime is a pervasive issue throughout the Dominican Republic, especially within major urban centers. This is a primary travel warning for Dominican Republic that visitors must take seriously. Violent crime is a concern, and petty theft is widespread.

A significant challenge is the often slow response time of the police, particularly outside of popular resort areas and tourist zones. This can leave visitors vulnerable, especially in less populated or remote locations.

Petty Crime: Common and Opportunistic

Petty crime, including pickpocketing and bag snatching, is a frequent issue in the Dominican Republic. Tourists are often targeted by thieves due to their perceived wealth and unfamiliarity with the surroundings.

Opportunistic crime is common, with thieves looking for easy targets. Visible money, valuables, and mobile phones in hand are prime targets. Crime rates tend to increase during holiday periods when crowds are larger and distractions are more prevalent.

Petty crime incidents can happen in various locations:

Resorts and Hotels: Even within the seemingly secure environment of resorts and hotels, including private rooms and room safes, theft can occur.
Rental Cars: Vehicles, especially rental cars which are easily identifiable, are often targets for theft.
Beaches: Beaches, while relaxing, are also locations where tourists may let their guard down, making them vulnerable to theft.
Airports and Bus Stations: Busy transportation hubs like airports and bus stations are prime locations for pickpockets and thieves.
Public Transportation: Public transportation can be crowded and provide opportunities for theft.

Drive-by robberies are a common tactic. Thieves on motorcycles, scooters, or bicycles snatch bags and valuables from pedestrians. They may even reach into vehicles, including taxis stopped at traffic lights, to steal belongings.

At airports, be especially vigilant about checked baggage in departure areas, as this can be a target for thieves.

To minimize your risk of petty crime:

Choose secure accommodations: Stay in hotels or resorts with robust security measures.
Secure your belongings: Keep personal belongings, especially passports and travel documents, secure at all times, ideally in a hotel safe or hidden pouch.
Limit cash and valuables: Carry only small amounts of cash and avoid displaying signs of wealth or affluence.
Conceal electronics: Keep electronic devices like cellphones, tablets, laptops, and cameras out of sight when not in use.
Secure your vehicle: Keep car doors locked, windows rolled up, and belongings out of sight, even when driving.
Don’t pack valuables in checked luggage: Keep essential valuables with you in carry-on luggage.

Violent Crime: A Serious Travel Warning

Violent crime, occasionally targeting foreigners, is a significant travel warning for Dominican Republic. Incidents are more frequent after nightfall and in larger cities.

Types of violent crime reported include:

Armed Robberies: Robberies involving firearms are a serious concern.
Assaults: Physical assaults can occur, sometimes in conjunction with robberies.
Burglaries: Break-ins and burglaries can happen in accommodations and private residences.

Criminals have been known to target cars for armed robberies, particularly on roads after dark. It’s strongly advised to arrange your arrival and departure from the Dominican Republic during daylight hours to minimize this risk.

During your stay, take these precautions to enhance your safety from violent crime:

Reputable accommodations: Stay in reputable hotels or resorts that have visible and effective security measures.
Situational awareness: Be constantly aware of your surroundings, especially in unfamiliar areas or at night.
Vehicle security: Keep car doors locked and windows up, especially at traffic lights where you are stationary and vulnerable.
Avoid unpopulated areas at night: Avoid walking alone in unpopulated areas or on unpatrolled beaches after dark.
Do not resist robbery: If confronted by a robber, it is generally recommended to hand over valuables and not resist, as resistance can escalate the situation and increase the risk of harm.

Sexual Assault: A Concerning Risk

Incidents of sexual assault and rape have been reported in the Dominican Republic, including within major resorts and hotels. Disturbingly, employees of resorts and hotels have been implicated in some of these incidents. This is a serious and sensitive travel warning for Dominican Republic, especially for solo female travelers or women traveling in small groups.

If you are a victim of sexual assault or any other crime:

Report immediately: Report the incident immediately to the nearest office of the Government of Canada for consular assistance.
File a police report: It is crucial to file a formal complaint with the Dominican authorities before you leave the country. Criminal investigations will not proceed without this formal complaint.

To reduce your risk of sexual assault:

Avoid secluded areas: Even within resorts and hotel grounds, avoid secluded areas, particularly at night.
Exercise caution with strangers: Be cautious when interacting with strangers or even recent acquaintances.
Be wary of invitations: Be wary of accepting rides or other invitations from strangers.
Avoid public transport at night: Avoid taking public transportation or walking alone at night.

For further assistance and guidance on reporting a crime, refer to resources on Reporting Crime in the Dominican Republic.

Fraud: Be Alert to Scams

Fraud is another significant travel warning for Dominican Republic, with various schemes targeting tourists.

Credit, Debit, and ATM Card Fraud: Widespread Risk

Credit and debit card fraud, as well as ATM fraud, are frequent occurrences. Card reader tampering, also known as skimming, is a common scam. Businesses may attempt to steal your credit or debit card information when you make legitimate purchases through compromised card readers. Be extremely cautious when using your cards.

To protect yourself from card fraud:

Cover the keypad: Always cover the keypad with your hand when entering your PIN at ATMs or card readers.
Monitor card handling: Pay close attention when others are handling your cards, especially in restaurants or shops.
Inspect card readers: Avoid using card readers that appear irregular, loose, or have unusual attachments.
Use secure ATMs: Use ATMs located in well-lit public areas or preferably inside a bank or reputable business.
Review statements regularly: Check your account statements frequently for any unauthorized transactions.

Unethical Lawyers: “Pirate Lawyers”

Unethical lawyers, known locally as “pirate lawyers,” operate in tourist areas, particularly in Punta Cana. They often congregate near tourist police stations and offer legal services to detained foreigners, often charging exorbitant fees for minimal or ineffective assistance.

The Embassy of Canada in Santo Domingo can provide a list of reputable and verified lawyers if you require legal assistance. It’s always recommended to consult a trusted list rather than engaging with unsolicited legal help.

Cybercrime: Online Threats

Cybercrime, malware attacks, and online extortion are growing concerns globally, and the Dominican Republic is not immune.

Public Wi-Fi networks can be compromised by criminals to steal personal data or credit card information. Social media activity and even phone conversations can be monitored.

Romance scams through dating sites and social media platforms are also prevalent.

To protect yourself online:

Limit social media posting: Be cautious about the personal information and photos you post on social media, especially regarding your location and travel plans.
Use personal power sources: Use your own USB adapter for charging devices or carry an extra battery pack to avoid using potentially compromised public charging stations.
Secure Wi-Fi: Use secure, password-protected Wi-Fi networks. Avoid conducting sensitive transactions on public Wi-Fi. Consider using a VPN (Virtual Private Network) for added security.
Be wary online: Be cautious of individuals who show excessive interest in you online, especially those you meet on dating sites or social media.
Scam awareness: Be aware that you could be a target of a scam if you travel to the Dominican Republic to meet someone you met online in person.
Privacy in conversations: Avoid discussing travel plans or other personal information within earshot of strangers.

For more information and resources on cyber safety, consult Useful Links.

Spiked Food and Drinks: A Hidden Danger

Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers. Be extremely cautious about accepting snacks, beverages, gum, or cigarettes from new acquaintances. These items could be spiked with drugs, putting you at risk of robbery, sexual assault, or other dangers.

Harassment: Verbal and Online Abuse

Individuals, including women and 2SLGBTQI+ persons, have reported experiencing harassment or verbal abuse. Online abuse and harassment, including calls for violence against individuals, also occur.

Traveling alone, especially at night, increases vulnerability to harassment.

For resources and support, refer to Useful Links.

Demonstrations and Strikes: Potential Disruptions

Demonstrations and strikes occur periodically throughout the Dominican Republic, particularly in Santo Domingo. While these events often don’t directly affect resort areas, they can still cause disruptions.

Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent unexpectedly. They can also disrupt traffic and public transportation, potentially impacting travel plans.

If demonstrations occur:

Avoid protest areas: Avoid areas where demonstrations or large gatherings are taking place.
Follow local instructions: Adhere to the instructions and directives of local authorities.
Monitor local media: Stay informed by monitoring local news outlets for updates on ongoing demonstrations.

For more information on mass gatherings and safety, consult resources on Mass gatherings (large-scale events).

Adventure Tourism: Safety Standards Vary

Outdoor activities such as kayaking, scuba diving, snorkeling, and extreme sports can be inherently dangerous. In the Dominican Republic, the tourism industry, particularly in adventure tourism, is not always well-regulated.

Tour operators may not adhere to Canadian safety standards, and many industry workers may have limited or no formal training or certifications. Local authorities may not routinely inspect facilities and equipment. Many destinations have hazards that are not properly identified or poorly marked.

If you plan to participate in adventure tourism activities:

Travel insurance: Purchase comprehensive travel insurance that specifically covers incidents related to adventure recreational activities.
Assess your fitness: Ensure your physical condition is adequate for the challenges of your chosen activity.
Proper equipment: Verify that you have appropriate and well-maintained equipment, and bring sufficient water for hydration.
Weather awareness: Monitor weather conditions and be aware of potential hazards in the environment.
Equipment safety check: Avoid using equipment if you are unsure of its condition or safety.

Water Activities: Coastal and Riptide Dangers

Swimming Safety: Coastal Waters

Coastal waters in the Dominican Republic can be dangerous. Always heed the instructions and warnings issued by local authorities.

Lifeguard and rescue services may not meet Canadian standards, and many beaches have limited or no lifeguards on duty. Drownings occur every year, highlighting the need for caution.

Swimming safety guidelines:

Swim in designated areas: Respect areas specifically marked for swimming.
Safe distance from boats: Always maintain a safe distance from boats and restricted zones.
Warning flags: Always respect warning flags that indicate dangerous conditions, such as strong currents or hazardous marine life.
Local advice: Consult residents and tour operators for information on potential hazards, the presence of dangerous marine species, and safe swimming areas.
No diving in unfamiliar waters: Do not dive into unfamiliar waters as hidden rocks or shallow depths can cause serious injury or death.
Follow local authorities: Adhere to all instructions and regulations from local authorities regarding water safety.

Riptides: A Hidden Threat

Tidal changes and strong winds can create dangerous riptides, powerful currents that can pull swimmers away from shore.

For comprehensive information on water safety abroad, consult Water safety abroad.

Road Travel: Safety and Conditions

Road Safety: Accidents and Regulations

Road safety across the Dominican Republic can vary significantly. Accidents are frequent, and driving conditions can be challenging. Consider hiring a licensed professional driver, especially if you plan extensive road travel outside of main tourist routes.

Pedestrians do not have the right-of-way, even at traffic lights. Be extremely vigilant and alert when crossing streets, particularly in busy cities like Santo Domingo. Local authorities often treat serious car accidents as criminal investigations. If you are involved in a car accident, you are legally required to report it to the police.

If you receive a traffic ticket from the police, you are not required to pay it on the spot. Fines can be paid later through the website of the Office of the Attorney General.

For more information on road regulations and safety, refer to Useful links.

Road Conditions: Variable Quality

Road conditions can vary greatly throughout the country. Major highways connecting cities and tourist areas are generally in good condition, but roads in rural areas are often poorly maintained. Many roads lack marked lanes, making driving more challenging, especially at night or in poor weather.

Driving hazards to be aware of:

Unmarked speed bumps: Speed bumps are often unmarked and can be a hazard, especially at speed.
Potholes: Potholes are common, particularly on less maintained roads, and can cause vehicle damage.
Animals and livestock: Animals and livestock frequently wander onto roads, especially in rural areas.
Insufficient lighting: Many roads lack adequate lighting, making nighttime driving particularly dangerous.
Traffic congestion: Traffic jams and heavy traffic are common, especially on weekends and statutory holidays, particularly in urban areas and around popular destinations.
Wrong-way driving: Vehicles traveling in the wrong direction, even on major roads, is not uncommon.

Driving Habits: Aggressive and Reckless

Driving habits in the Dominican Republic can be aggressive and often disregard traffic laws. Speeding is common, and drivers can be reckless. Drinking and driving is also a significant problem.

Heavy traffic, drunk driving, and accidents are more frequent during busy holiday periods, such as Christmas and Easter.

If you choose to drive in the Dominican Republic:

Defensive driving: Always drive defensively and anticipate unpredictable actions from other drivers.
Plan your route: Plan your trip in advance, especially if you are venturing into rural areas.
Daylight travel: Travel in groups and during daylight hours whenever possible.
Mobile phone and charger: Carry a cell phone and a car charger in case of emergencies.
Fuel up: Fill your gas tank before you travel, especially if you are traveling to remote areas where gas stations may be scarce.
Vehicle security: Keep car doors locked and windows closed at all times, even when driving.

Roadblocks: Police and Military Checkpoints

Military and police roadblocks are common, particularly near the Haitian border and on major highways. Be prepared to show identification at these checkpoints. Cooperation and polite demeanor are advised.

Public Transportation: Varying Reliability

Buses: Intercity vs. Local

Public buses can be unreliable and may not meet safety standards. It is recommended to use private intercity buses operated by reputable tour companies for longer journeys.

Avoid using open-door microbuses, known as “gua-guas” or “carros publicos.” These local buses are often unregulated, poorly maintained, and can be overcrowded.

Ride-Share Services: Convenient in Cities

Ride-share services like Uber and local equivalents are available in major cities and most popular tourist destinations.

When using ride-sharing apps:

Verify driver identity: Confirm the driver’s identity and license plate number before entering the car.
Use app security features: Utilize the security features within ride-share apps, such as sharing your ride details with a contact.

Taxis: Negotiate Fares

Taxis in the Dominican Republic are generally not metered. It is crucial to negotiate the fare with the driver before starting your journey.

When arriving by air, it’s recommended to arrange your taxi pickup in advance through your hotel. At airports, only use taxis from official taxi stands to ensure safety and regulated fares. If unsure if a taxi is official, seek assistance at an airport information desk.

During your stay, when using taxis:

Reputable companies: Only use reputable taxi companies, ideally booked through your hotel or via ride-sharing services.
Avoid sharing taxis: Never share a taxi with strangers.
Motorcycle taxis (Motoconchos): Avoid using or renting motorcycle taxis known as “motoconchos,” as they are generally unregulated and unsafe.
Negotiate fare: Always negotiate the fare with the taxi driver before beginning your trip.

Air Travel: Domestic Airline Safety

Assessments regarding the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards are not routinely conducted.

For further information about foreign domestic airlines and safety considerations, refer to Information about foreign domestic airlines.

Entry and Exit Requirements: Essential Documentation

Every country sets its own entry and exit regulations. The Government of Canada cannot intervene if you do not meet your destination’s requirements.

The information provided here is based on information from Dominican Republic authorities, but regulations can change at any time. Always verify the most current information with the Foreign Representatives in Canada or the Dominican embassy or consulate in your country before traveling.

Passport Validity

Passport validity requirements vary depending on the type of passport you are using.

Before traveling, always confirm passport requirements with your transportation company (airline, cruise line, etc.) as their rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the destination country’s entry rules.

Regular Canadian Passport

For a regular Canadian passport, ensure it is valid for a minimum of 6 months beyond your intended date of arrival in the Dominican Republic.

Passports for Official Travel and “X” Gender Identifier

Different entry rules may apply for passports used for official travel. Passports with an “X” gender identifier may also face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize this identifier. Check with the nearest foreign representative of your destination before travel.

Temporary or Emergency Travel Documents

Different entry rules may also apply when traveling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Always verify with the foreign representative of your destination before your trip.

For further information, see Useful links.

Visas: Tourist Card and Visa Requirements

Tourist Visa: Not required for stays up to 30 days for many nationalities, including Canadians.
Work Visa: Required for employment in the Dominican Republic.
Student Visa: Required for studying in the Dominican Republic.
Residence Visa: Required for long-term residency in the Dominican Republic.

Other Entry Requirements: Proof of Funds and E-Ticket

Upon entry into the Dominican Republic, you may be required to demonstrate proof of adequate funds to cover your expenses during your stay. You will also need to provide the address of your accommodation during your trip.

Customs officials may also request to see a return or onward travel ticket as proof of your intention to leave the country after your visit.

For detailed and updated entry requirements, consult the Entry requirements section on the official Government of Dominican Republic tourism website.

E-Ticket: Mandatory Electronic Form

You are required to complete an electronic form (E-ticket) for both entry into and exit from the Dominican Republic. A new E-ticket is necessary for each trip to the Dominican Republic. This form must be completed before boarding your flight to the Dominican Republic. You can present either a digital or printed copy of your E-ticket code to customs officials at the airport.

This electronic form is separate from and does not replace the Tourist Card.

Access the electronic form through the official government website: Electronic ticket for entry and exit – Government of the Dominican Republic.

Tourist Card: Included in Airfare

If you enter the Dominican Republic by air, the cost of the tourist card is generally included in your airline ticket price. If you enter by sea, you can obtain the card from the General Directorate of Internal Taxes at your port of entry.

Stay Extension and Overstay Penalties

You can apply for a stay extension for up to 120 days. This request must be made to the Dominican Directorate General for Migration in Santo Domingo after your arrival in the Dominican Republic and before your tourist card expires.

Overstaying your tourist card or any granted extension can result in deportation or refusal of re-entry to the Dominican Republic in the future.

For more information, see Useful links.

Drug Screening at Departure

You may be subjected to drug screening procedures when departing the Dominican Republic. Authorities may search your luggage and may ask you to sign a form, in Spanish, confirming that the search was conducted according to legal procedures.

In some instances, you may be asked to undergo an X-ray as part of the screening process.

Children and Travel

If you are traveling with children, familiarize yourself with resources and regulations related to travelling with children.

Yellow Fever Vaccine Entry Requirement

Be aware of potential entry requirements related to yellow fever vaccination, especially if you are arriving from or have recently transited through countries with yellow fever risks. Refer to the Health section for details on yellow fever and vaccination requirements.

Health Risks and Precautions

Relevant Travel Health Notices

This section provides vital health information and advice concerning potential health risks during your travels in the Dominican Republic. Following this advice can significantly reduce your risk of illness. However, this is not an exhaustive list of all possible risks.

It is highly recommended to consult with a healthcare provider or visit a travel health clinic, ideally 6 weeks before your trip, to receive personalized health advice based on your specific travel plans and health status. Even if your departure date is imminent, it is still beneficial to schedule an appointment.

Routine Vaccinations

Ensure your routine vaccinations are current before any international travel, including to the Dominican Republic.

These routine vaccines may include those for: measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, varicella (chickenpox), meningococcal disease, seasonal flu, and others, as recommended by your healthcare provider.

For provincial and territorial immunization information in Canada, refer to Provincial and Territorial Immunization Information.

Pre-Travel Vaccines and Medications: Destination-Specific

When traveling to the Dominican Republic, you may be at risk for diseases preventable through vaccines or medications. Consult with a travel health care provider to determine which vaccinations and medications are appropriate for you based on your itinerary and health profile.

Hepatitis A: Vaccination Recommended

There is a risk of hepatitis A in the Dominican Republic. Hepatitis A is a liver disease transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water, consumption of food prepared by an infected person, or close physical contact with an infected individual (e.g., oral-anal sex). Casual contact does not typically spread the virus.

Practice strict safe food and water precautions and wash your hands frequently. Vaccination against Hepatitis A is recommended for all travelers to the Dominican Republic.

Yellow Fever: Entry Requirements and Risk Assessment

Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease.

Risk in Dominican Republic:

There is no risk of yellow fever within the Dominican Republic itself.

Country Entry Requirement:

Proof of yellow fever vaccination is required if you are arriving from certain states in Brazil, including travelers who have transited for more than 12 hours through an airport in those states.

Vaccination Recommendation:

Vaccination is generally not recommended for travelers whose itinerary is solely within the Dominican Republic and who are not arriving from or transiting through at-risk regions.

For detailed information about Yellow Fever, consult About Yellow Fever. To find Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada, visit Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada.

It is crucial to note that country entry requirements may not always accurately reflect your actual risk of yellow fever exposure at your destination. It is always advisable to contact the nearest diplomatic or consular office of the Dominican Republic to verify specific entry requirements related to yellow fever based on your travel itinerary.

Measles: Highly Contagious

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that spreads rapidly through direct contact and airborne droplets.

Anyone not protected against measles is at risk of infection when traveling internationally.

Regardless of your destination, consult your healthcare provider before traveling to ensure you are fully protected against measles, especially if you are unsure of your vaccination history.

Hepatitis B: Vaccination Recommended for Travelers

Hepatitis B poses a risk in virtually every destination globally, including the Dominican Republic. It is a viral liver disease transmitted through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus. Travelers who may be exposed to blood or bodily fluids through sexual contact, medical treatments, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture, or occupational exposure are at higher risk.

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travelers. To Prevent hepatitis B infection, practice safe sex, use only new and sterile drug equipment, and ensure tattoos and piercings are obtained in settings that adhere to strict public health regulations and standards.

COVID-19: Ongoing Global Risk

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remains an infectious viral disease that spreads through direct contact and airborne droplets.

It is recommended that all eligible travelers complete a primary COVID-19 vaccine series and any recommended booster doses in Canada before traveling. Vaccines are highly effective in preventing severe illness, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19. While vaccination significantly reduces risk, infection is still possible. Unvaccinated individuals face a higher risk of infection and severe disease.

Before traveling, verify the Dominican Republic’s current COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements. Regardless of your destination, consult your healthcare provider to ensure you are adequately protected against COVID-19, considering your individual health factors and travel plans.

Influenza (Flu): Seasonal and Year-Round Risk

The best way to protect yourself from seasonal influenza (flu) is annual vaccination. Get the flu shot at least 2 weeks before traveling.

Flu occurs worldwide, with seasonal patterns varying by hemisphere:

Northern Hemisphere: Flu season typically November to April.
Southern Hemisphere: Flu season typically April to October.
Tropics: Flu activity year-round.

The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may offer only partial protection in the other hemisphere.

The flu virus spreads through coughs, sneezes, and contaminated surfaces. Practice frequent hand washing and wear a mask if you have respiratory symptoms.

Malaria: Risk in Specific Areas

Malaria is a serious, sometimes fatal, disease caused by parasites spread through mosquito bites. There is a risk of malaria in certain areas and/or during specific times of the year in the Dominican Republic.

Antimalarial medication may be recommended depending on your itinerary and travel timing. Consult a healthcare professional or travel health clinic 6 weeks before travel to discuss your options. Even closer to your departure, consultation is still valuable.

Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times:

Cover skin and use repellent: Cover exposed skin and use an approved insect repellent.
Mosquito-proof accommodation: Exclude mosquitoes from your living area with screens and well-sealed doors and windows.
Bed nets: Use insecticide-treated bed nets if mosquitoes cannot be excluded from your living area.
Permethrin-treated clothing: Wear permethrin-treated clothing for added protection.

If you develop symptoms of malaria during or up to a year after your return, seek immediate medical attention and inform your healthcare provider of your travel history.

Rabies: Risk from Animals

In the Dominican Republic, rabies is commonly carried by dogs and some wildlife, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease transmitted through bites or scratches from infected animals.

Take precautions while traveling: maintain distance from animals (especially stray dogs), and closely supervise children.

If bitten or scratched by an animal, immediately wash the wound thoroughly with soap and clean water and seek medical attention. Rabies treatment may be limited or unavailable in the Dominican Republic, potentially requiring return to Canada for treatment.

Discuss rabies vaccination with your healthcare provider before travel. It may be recommended for high-risk travelers (veterinarians, wildlife workers, children, adventure travelers, spelunkers, and those with close animal contact).

Safe Food and Water Practices: Essential for Health

Consuming unsafe food or water or swimming in contaminated water can lead to illness. Take precautions by following these guidelines:

“Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it”: Only consume food prepared safely and thoroughly cooked.
Avoid water in eyes, mouth, nose: Minimize water contact with eyes, mouth, and nose when swimming in freshwater (streams, lakes, canals), especially after heavy rain or flooding, as water can be contaminated even if it appears clean.
Don’t swallow water: Avoid swallowing water during bathing, showering, swimming in pools, or using hot tubs.

For comprehensive guidance, refer to Eat and drink safely abroad.

Cholera: Low Risk for Most Travelers

Cholera risk exists in parts of the Dominican Republic. However, most travelers face very low risk.

All travelers should practice safe food and water precautions to protect against cholera.

Higher-risk travelers include those:

Visiting, working, or living in areas with limited access to safe food, water, and sanitation.
Visiting areas experiencing cholera outbreaks.

Vaccination may be recommended for high-risk travelers and should be discussed with a healthcare professional.

Travelers’ Diarrhea: Common Ailment

Travelers’ diarrhea is the most common travel-related illness, typically caused by consuming contaminated food or water.

Risk increases in regions with poor hygiene and sanitation standards. Practice strict safe food and water precautions.

The primary treatment for travelers’ diarrhea is rehydration. Carry oral rehydration salts when traveling.

Typhoid Fever: Risk in Certain Areas

Typhoid is a bacterial infection spread through contaminated food or water. Risk is higher for children, travelers to rural areas, those visiting friends and relatives, and long-term travelers.

Travelers visiting regions with typhoid risk, especially those exposed to poor sanitation, should discuss vaccination with a healthcare professional.

Salmonellosis: Foodborne Illness

Salmonellosis is a common illness for travelers to the Dominican Republic, spread via contaminated food or beverages, such as raw or undercooked poultry and eggs, and fruits and vegetables.

Practice safe food and water precautions, including eating only thoroughly cooked food served hot.

Pregnant women, children under 5, adults over 60, and those with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of severe illness.

Most people recover with rehydration. Travelers with severe symptoms should seek medical attention promptly.

Tick and Insect Bite Prevention: Disease Vectors

Many diseases are transmitted through bites from infected ticks and insects like mosquitoes, fleas, or flies. Before traveling, understand the types of ticks or insects prevalent in the Dominican Republic, their active seasons, and the diseases they may carry.

Protect yourself from bites:

Approved bug spray: Use an approved insect repellent on exposed skin.
Light-colored, loose clothing: Wear light-colored, loose-fitting clothing of tightly woven materials like nylon or polyester.
Socks and closed shoes: Wear socks and closed-toe shoes, especially in wooded or grassy areas.
Mosquito netting: Sleep under mosquito netting if outdoors or in accommodations not fully enclosed.
Tick checks: Conduct full body tick checks on yourself, children, gear, and pets after outdoor activities.

For more details, see Insect bite and pest prevention and Personal insect repellents.

Chikungunya: Mosquito-Borne Virus

There is a risk of chikungunya in the Dominican Republic, with risk levels varying by season, year, region, and elevation.

Chikungunya virus is spread by infected mosquito bites, causing fever and joint pain. Joint pain can be severe and prolonged.

Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times.

Learn more about Insect bite and pest prevention and Chikungunya.

Dengue Fever: Mosquito-Borne Risk

Dengue fever poses a risk to travelers in the Dominican Republic. It is a viral disease spread by mosquito bites, causing flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, potentially fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever.

Dengue risk varies seasonally, yearly, regionally, and by elevation. Dengue-carrying mosquitoes typically bite during daytime, especially around sunrise and sunset.

Protect yourself from mosquito bites. No vaccine or medication is currently available in Canada to prevent dengue.

Learn more about Dengue and Insect bite and pest prevention.

Zika Virus: Risk and Pregnancy Considerations

Zika virus risk exists in the Dominican Republic.

Zika is primarily mosquito-borne but can also be sexually transmitted. Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause severe birth defects.

During your trip:

Prevent mosquito bites at all times.
Use condoms correctly or abstain from sexual contact, especially if pregnant.

Pregnant women or those planning pregnancy should discuss Zika risks with their healthcare provider and may choose to postpone travel.

For more information, see Zika virus: Pregnant or planning a pregnancy.

Oropouche Virus Disease: Emerging Risk

Oropouche virus disease is caused by the Oropouche virus, transmitted by small flies called midges (no-see-ums) and possibly certain mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, chills, and sometimes nausea and vomiting. In some cases, aseptic meningitis can occur.

Most travelers are at low risk. However, there is concern about potential transmission from pregnant individuals to unborn babies, possibly leading to stillbirth or developmental issues.

Pregnant individuals or those planning pregnancy should discuss Oropouche virus risks with their healthcare provider and may choose to be extra cautious or avoid travel to affected areas.

Protect yourself from midge and mosquito bites. No vaccine or medication protects against Oropouche virus disease.

Insect bite and pest prevention

Animal Precautions: Avoiding Zoonotic Diseases

Some infections, like rabies and bird flu, can spread from animals to humans. Certain activities increase animal contact risk:

Rural or forested area travel
Camping, hiking, caving
Visiting live animal markets

Reduce risk by avoiding contact with stray dogs, livestock, monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats. Avoid eating undercooked meat.

Supervise children closely as they are more likely to approach animals.

Person-to-Person Infections: Respiratory and STIs

Reduce the risk of respiratory infections (flu, COVID-19) by:

Staying home when sick.
Wearing a well-fitting mask in crowded indoor settings.
Frequent hand washing or hand sanitizer use.
Covering coughs and sneezes.

Mass gatherings (large-scale events), Clean your hands to help reduce the spread of infectious diseases, Respiratory infectious diseases: How to reduce the spread with personal protective measures

Lower STI, HIV, and mpox risk by:

Getting mpox vaccine if eligible.
Limiting sexual partners.
Using condoms and dental dams.

Mpox vaccines, Sexual health and travel, HIV and AIDS: Travel health advice

Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV

Tuberculosis risk is generally low for most travelers. High-risk travelers (those visiting prisons, refugee camps, homeless shelters, hospitals, or visiting friends and relatives) should discuss pre- and post-travel options with their healthcare provider.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is transmitted through contact with blood or body fluids, including unprotected sex and unsterilized needles.

Medical Services and Facilities: Variable Quality

Quality healthcare is primarily available in major cities, but overall quality varies greatly across the Dominican Republic.

Public clinics and hospitals can be overcrowded and may lack supplies and equipment. Not all medical staff speak English or French.

Medical facilities, both public and private, may require upfront payment for treatment and may request proof of insurance.

Ambulance services are unreliable in most areas, more reliable in major cities and tourist areas (Santo Domingo, Santiago, Punta Cana, Puerto Plata).

Private hospitals and clinics are generally better equipped but have been known to overcharge and recommend unnecessary hospital stays.

Be cautious of in-house resort doctors, as some are contracted by private hospitals and may use aggressive sales tactics and hidden costs.

If you require hospital care:

Inquire about fees before treatment.
Inform administrators of overcharging concerns.
Request assistance in English or French from guest services.

Ensure your travel insurance includes medical evacuation and hospital stay coverage.

Health and safety outside Canada

Medical Tourism: Cosmetic Surgery Risks

Canadian citizens have experienced serious complications from cosmetic or elective surgeries abroad, including in the Dominican Republic. Legal options in case of malpractice are limited.

If considering medical tourism:

Thoroughly research procedures and providers.
Use only reputable healthcare providers.

Receiving medical care outside Canada

Keep in Mind: Personal Responsibility

The decision to travel is your sole responsibility, as is your personal safety.

Be prepared and do not expect Canadian standards of medical services. Pack a travel health kit, especially for travel outside major cities.

Laws and Culture: Local Regulations

You must adhere to local laws in the Dominican Republic.

Learn about procedures and assistance options if you are arrested or detained abroad.

Dominican law allows detention without charges for up to 48 hours before judicial review. Judicial processes can be lengthy, potentially lasting years with pre-trial detention in difficult conditions. Prison sentences can be long and conditions harsh.

Overview of the criminal law system in the Dominican Republic

Drug Laws: Severe Penalties

Penalties for drug possession, use, or trafficking are severe, including lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines.

The Dominican Republic has a zero-tolerance policy for illegal drugs, including cannabis. Even small quantities can result in severe penalties.

Drug Trafficking: Unwitting Couriers

Drug traffickers have used tourists as unwitting drug couriers. Even unknowingly transporting illegal drugs, including cannabis, can lead to criminal charges and long jail sentences.

Pack and carry only your own belongings and never leave them unattended.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

Identification Requirements

Local authorities may request identification at any time.

Always carry valid identification or a photocopy.
Keep a photocopy of your passport and visa/entry stamp in a safe place.
Maintain digital copies of identification and travel documents.

Reporting a Crime: Local Procedures

Victims of crime, including foreigners, must report incidents to the Dominican Republic police. Contact the local tourist police and the Embassy of Canada in Santo Domingo. To pursue prosecution or compensation, you must hire a Dominican lawyer to file a formal complaint and pursue the case through the justice system. The Embassy of Canada can provide a list of attorneys.

Reporting a Car Accident: Legal Obligations

You are legally required to call the police and remain at the scene of a car accident. Drivers involved in accidents causing serious injury or death will be taken into police custody during the investigation.

Register any accident with a government accident reporting center. English-speaking agents can assist with police and insurance processes.

If detained due to a road accident, request the police to contact the Embassy of Canada in Santo Domingo.

For helpful resources, see Useful links.

Arrest and Detention: Consular Assistance

If arrested or detained and desiring consular services, explicitly request police or prison officials to contact the Embassy of Canada in Santo Domingo or Global Affairs Canada’s Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa.

Legal Representation: Right to Counsel

If arrested or detained, you have the right to a lawyer present during questioning and at any trial or hearing. The Embassy of Canada can provide a list of local attorneys.

If you cannot afford legal representation, the Dominican government may provide a public defender.

A Guide for Canadians Detained Abroad

Dual Citizenship: Dominican-Canadian

Dual citizenship is legally recognized in the Dominican Republic. If you are a dual Dominican-Canadian citizen, Canadian consular assistance may be limited while in the Dominican Republic. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements.

Dual citizens

International Child Abduction: Hague Convention

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction applies between Canada and the Dominican Republic. It can assist parents in the return of children wrongfully removed or retained in violation of custody rights.

If your child has been taken to or is being held in the Dominican Republic:

Act quickly.
Contact the Central Authority in your province or territory for Hague Convention application information.
Consult lawyers in Canada and the Dominican Republic.
Report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or Global Affairs Canada’s Vulnerable Children’s Consular Unit.

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer regarding Hague Convention applicability. Canadian consular officials cannot intervene in private legal matters or another country’s judicial affairs.

For more information, see Useful links.

Real Estate Investments: Legal Advice

If planning property purchase or investments in the Dominican Republic, seek legal advice in both Canada and the Dominican Republic before making commitments or signing contracts. Disputes can be lengthy and expensive. The Embassy of Canada cannot intervene in local legal disputes.

Timeshares: Contract Scrutiny

Timeshare disputes are common. Sales representatives can be persistent and use pressure tactics.

Before purchasing a timeshare:

Carefully review the contract.
Consult a Dominican Republic attorney.
Provide credit card details only if certain of purchase.
Keep copies of all correspondence.

Marriage in the Dominican Republic

Marriages legally performed in the Dominican Republic are legally recognized in Canada.

Marriage overseas factsheet

Driving Regulations: International Driving Permit

You can drive with a Canadian driver’s license for up to 30 days. You must carry an international driving permit.

International Driving Permit

Currency: Dominican Peso (DOP)

The currency is the Dominican Peso (DOP). Canadian currency can be exchanged at some airports and local exchange offices.

Natural Disasters and Climate Risks

Climate Change Impacts

Climate change increasingly affects the Dominican Republic, leading to more frequent extreme and unusual weather events that may impact travel plans. Monitor local media for updates.

Hurricane Season: May to November

Hurricane season typically runs from mid-May to the end of November. Even minor tropical storms can rapidly intensify into major hurricanes.

Hurricanes pose serious safety risks and can disrupt essential services.

If traveling to coastal areas during hurricane season:

Be prepared to alter travel plans on short notice, including trip cancellation.
Stay informed of regional weather forecasts.
Carry emergency contact information for airlines/tour operators.
Follow local authorities’ advice and instructions.

For relevant resources, see Useful links.

Flooding and Landslides: Heavy Rainfall

Flooding is common due to heavy rains, causing impassable roads and infrastructure damage.

Exercise caution near rivers.
Stay updated on regional weather forecasts.
Follow local authorities’ instructions, including evacuation orders.

Emergency operations centre – Dominican Republic government (Spanish only)

Earthquakes and Tsunamis: Seismic Zone

The Dominican Republic is in an active seismic zone with frequent tremors.

Tsunamis can occur within minutes of a nearby earthquake, with risk lasting for several hours after the initial tremor. If staying on the coast, familiarize yourself with tsunami evacuation plans.

For relevant resources, see Useful links.