U.S. Travel Advisories: Your Comprehensive Guide to Safe Travel in the United States

Navigating travel advisories is a crucial step in planning any international trip, and the United States is no exception. As a vast and diverse nation, safety and security conditions can vary significantly across different regions and cities. Understanding U.s. Travel Advisories is essential for ensuring a safe and enjoyable journey. This guide provides a detailed overview of what you need to know about travel advisories for the United States, helping you make informed decisions and travel with confidence.

Understanding U.S. Travel Advisory Levels

The U.S. travel advisory system is designed to inform travelers about potential risks in specific countries or regions. It uses a four-level system, ranging from Level 1 (lowest risk) to Level 4 (highest risk):

• Level 1 – Exercise Normal Precautions: This is the lowest advisory level, indicating that while there are some risks, they are no higher than what you would typically encounter in your daily life. Travelers are advised to be aware of their surroundings and take usual safety measures. This is currently the advisory level for the entire United States.

• Level 2 – Exercise Increased Caution: This level suggests that there are heightened risks to safety and security. Travelers are advised to be more vigilant, avoid certain areas, and be aware of potential threats.

• Level 3 – Reconsider Travel: At this level, the risks are considered serious. Travelers are advised to reconsider their plans and avoid travel to the specified areas due to significant safety and security concerns.

• Level 4 – Do Not Travel: This is the highest advisory level, issued for extremely dangerous situations. Travelers are strongly advised not to travel to these areas under any circumstances due to life-threatening risks.

Currently, the U.S. is under a Level 1 advisory, recommending travelers to exercise normal precautions. However, it’s important to delve deeper into the specifics of safety and security within the U.S. to ensure a well-informed travel plan.

Safety and Security in the United States

While the overall advisory level for the U.S. is Level 1, certain aspects of safety and security warrant attention.

Border with Mexico

Regions bordering Mexico, particularly in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, experience higher rates of criminal activity linked to drug trafficking.

• Increased Vigilance: If you are traveling near the U.S.-Mexico border, especially by car, heightened vigilance is advised.
• Official Border Crossings: Always use officially recognized border crossings.
• Avoid Night Travel: Refrain from traveling in these border areas at night to minimize risk.

Crime

Crime in the U.S. varies significantly by location, with urban centers often experiencing higher rates.

Petty Crime

Petty crimes like pickpocketing and purse snatching are common, especially in tourist hotspots and urban areas.

• Unattended Valuables: Never leave bags or valuables unattended in parked vehicles, including rental cars, even in trunks.
• Secure Belongings: Keep passports and travel documents secure at all times, particularly in crowded places.

Violent Crime

Violent crime is more prevalent in impoverished neighborhoods within large cities, particularly during evening and nighttime hours. While tourists are less frequently targeted, it’s crucial to be aware.

• Situational Awareness: Be mindful of your surroundings at all times.
• Neighborhood Crime Statistics: Check local crime statistics for neighborhoods you plan to visit, especially in the evening. The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is a valuable resource.
• Cooperate with Robbers: If confronted by robbers, remain calm and do not resist.

Gun Violence

The U.S. has a high rate of firearm ownership, and open carry of firearms is legal in many states. Mass shootings, although rare for tourists to be directly involved in, are a reality and can result in casualties in public places.

• Active Shooter Situations: Familiarize yourself with how to respond to an active shooter situation. Resources like the Active Shooter Event Quick Reference Guide from the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency can be helpful.

Home Break-ins

For those staying in holiday homes, break-ins and burglaries are a potential concern.

• Secure Properties: Ensure windows and doors are securely locked at night and when you are away from the property.

Common Criminal Strategies

Be aware of robbery tactics that target tourists, particularly near airports and tourist destinations.

• Highway Robbery Ploys: Some criminals signal tourists to stop, feigning vehicle issues, or throw objects at windshields to force stops, then attempt to steal valuables when drivers pull over.
• Responding to Ploys: If you suspect such a ploy, do not stop on the side of the road. Instead, turn on hazard lights and drive slowly to a safe, populated area like a gas station or police station.

Demonstrations

Demonstrations can occur in urban areas and may sometimes turn violent, causing disruptions.

• Avoid Demonstrations: Stay away from areas where demonstrations or large gatherings are taking place.
• Follow Authorities: Adhere to instructions from local authorities.
• Monitor Local Media: Keep track of local news for updates on demonstrations. Resources like Mass gatherings (large-scale events) provide further guidance.

Fraud

Credit card and ATM fraud are risks, including debit card cloning.

• Card Handling: Be vigilant when your cards are being handled by others.
• ATM Safety: Use ATMs in well-lit public areas or inside banks.
• Card Reader Inspection: Avoid card readers that look unusual or tampered with.
• PIN Protection: Cover the keypad when entering your PIN.
• Statement Monitoring: Regularly check your account statements for unauthorized transactions. For more information, consult resources on Overseas fraud.

Terrorism

The threat of terrorism exists in the U.S., and attacks could occur at any time, targeting various public and government locations.

• Public Awareness: Always be aware of your surroundings in public places.
• Potential Targets: Be especially vigilant at government buildings, places of worship, transportation hubs, tourist attractions, shopping centers, and hotels.
• National Terrorism Advisory System: The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) provides updates on terrorist threats through the National Terrorism Advisory System.

Hiking and Mountaineering

For outdoor enthusiasts, hiking, backpacking, and skiing carry inherent risks.

• Experienced Guides: Never undertake these activities alone; always use reputable guides.
• Travel Insurance: Ensure your travel insurance covers helicopter rescue and medical evacuation.
• Route Information: Obtain detailed information on trails and slopes, and stay on marked paths.
• Physical Condition: Be sure you are physically fit for your planned activities.
• Equipment and Weather: Be properly equipped and informed about weather conditions.
• Itinerary Sharing: Inform someone of your itinerary and expected return time.
• Altitude Sickness: Understand the symptoms of altitude sickness.

Air Travel

It’s important to note that assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards are not made. For further information, refer to Information about foreign domestic airlines.

Entry and Exit Requirements for the U.S.

Entry and exit requirements are determined by U.S. authorities and can change. Always verify the latest information with Foreign Representatives in Canada or your country’s equivalent before traveling.

Passport Requirements

Proof of citizenship is mandatory for entry into the U.S.

Air Travel

For air travel, Canadian citizens must present:

• Valid Passport: Passport must be valid for the duration of your stay.
• NEXUS Card: Valid NEXUS cards are accepted at designated airport kiosks.

These requirements apply to all Canadian citizens, including children, traveling by air to or transiting through the U.S.

Land and Water Travel

For entry by land or water under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI), citizens aged 16 and older need:

• Valid Passport
• Trusted Traveler Program Card
• Enhanced Driver’s License (EDL) or Enhanced Identification Card (EIC) (from participating provinces/territories)
• Secure Certificate of Indian Status

These documents must be valid for the duration of your stay. For citizens aged 15 and under entering by land or water:

• Passport
• Birth Certificate (original or copy)
• Canadian Citizenship Certificate (original)

Other Travel Documents

Regulations may differ for those traveling with temporary or emergency travel documents. Check with the nearest diplomatic mission before departure.

Additional Border Information

Customs officials may request your U.S. address and may ask for:

• Evidence of Ties to Home Country: Proof of residency, employment, or educational ties to your home country.
• Legitimate Trip Purpose: Proof that your trip is for a legitimate purpose and of reasonable length.
• Proof of Funds: Evidence of sufficient funds to cover your stay.

Dual Citizens

While not formally required, dual nationals are advised to carry both passports to facilitate entry and exit.

Visas

Generally, visitors can stay in the U.S. for up to 6 months without a visa, but you must declare your intended stay duration upon arrival.

• Visa-Exempt Canadians: Most Canadian citizens do not need visas for tourism, business, or transit from Canada, but exceptions exist. Consult Canadians Requiring Visas for details.

Permanent Residents

Canadian permanent residents may require a non-immigrant visa obtained from U.S. authorities before entry, along with a valid passport from their country of citizenship. See Cross U.S. Borders for more information.

Visa Waiver Program (VWP)

Citizens of VWP countries can enter the U.S. for up to 90 days without a visa, but must obtain ESTA pre-travel authorization.

U.S. Permanent Residents

Canadian permanent residents of the U.S. must present a valid U.S. Permanent Resident Card for entry. Refer to International travel as a U.S. Permanent Resident for details.

First Nations and Native Americans

Members of Canada’s First Nations and Native Americans born in Canada have specific entry provisions for various purposes like employment, study, or immigration.

Working in the United States

Most business travelers may enter without a visa, but specific categories require documentation to establish eligibility. For those planning to work in the U.S., contact the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate.

Studying in the United States

Canadian citizens generally do not need visas for study but must be registered with SEVIS and present their registration form upon each entry.

Length of Stay

For stays longer than 6 months, apply for an extension with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) before your authorized stay expires. Immigration officers may need proof of temporary visitor status. Overstaying can lead to serious consequences like detention or deportation. While there’s no set waiting period to re-enter after an authorized stay, frequent or lengthy stays may require you to prove you are a temporary visitor. See Extend your stay for details.

Biometrics

Non-U.S. citizens typically provide biometrics (digital fingerprints and photo) upon entry. Most Canadians are exempt, except those needing a visa, waiver, or I-94 form. Random screenings of exempt Canadians may occur. Concerns about wrongful data collection can be addressed with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.

Electronic Devices

U.S. border agents can search electronic devices without needing a reason and may request passwords. Refusal can lead to device seizure, travel delays, or denied entry for non-U.S. citizens. It’s advisable to put devices in airplane mode to prevent accidental remote data downloads. See Inspection of Electronic Devices for more information.

Preclearance

U.S. preclearance at Canadian airports allows for U.S. entry clearance before departure. U.S. entry requirements apply, and U.S. preclearance officers can inspect luggage and deny entry. False statements to preclearance officers are offenses under Canadian law. While in preclearance areas, Canadian law applies. You can withdraw your request to enter unless an officer suspects false statements or obstruction, which may lead to detention under Canadian law. Find Preclearance Locations.

Criminal Record

A criminal record, regardless of severity or age, can lead to denied U.S. entry. Canadian pardons are not recognized under U.S. law. A temporary waiver of inadmissibility can be applied for through U.S. Customs and Border Protection via a U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. ports of entry are computerized with access to criminal databases. Past entries without issue do not guarantee future entry, and attempting entry without a waiver after a denial can result in detention and a permanent U.S. entry ban.

Cannabis

Past cannabis use, even if legal in some U.S. states or your home country, can result in U.S. entry denial due to federal illegality. Involvement in the cannabis industry can also lead to inadmissibility.

Boating in U.S. Waters

Operators of small pleasure vessels from foreign ports must report arrival to U.S. Customs and Border Protection for inspection at designated locations, with some exceptions like Nexus Marine. See Pleasure Boat Reporting Requirements for details.

Cruises

A valid passport is required for cruises from the U.S., as many destinations require it and for re-entry into the U.S. Ship authorities may hold passports during cruises for administrative purposes. If your passport is held, obtain a receipt, ensure its return at the end of the cruise, and always carry a photocopy.

Pets

Pets must appear healthy upon arrival. Evidence of poor health may lead to examination, testing at your expense, or denied entry. Additional requirements like import permits, health certificates, or proof of vaccination (e.g., rabies) may be necessary. Quarantine may also be imposed.

Children and Travel

Children under 19 traveling with school or organized groups need written consent from a parent/guardian.

Yellow Fever

Check for potential entry requirements related to yellow fever under the health section (vaccines).

Health Considerations for Travel to the U.S.

Prioritize your health when traveling. Consult a healthcare provider or travel health clinic ideally 6 weeks before your trip for personalized health advice.

Relevant Travel Health Notices

Stay informed about current health notices. This section provides advice to reduce health risks, but not all risks are listed.

Routine Vaccines

Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date, including MMR, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella, meningococcal disease, and seasonal flu. Consult Provincial and Territorial Immunization Information for details.

Pre-Travel Vaccines and Medications

Discuss necessary vaccines and medications with a healthcare provider based on your travel plans.

Yellow Fever

There is no yellow fever risk in the U.S., and vaccination is not required for entry.

Measles

Measles is highly contagious. Ensure you are fully protected against measles before international travel.

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a risk everywhere. Vaccination is recommended, especially for those potentially exposed to blood or bodily fluids. Practice safe sex, use sterile equipment, and ensure regulated tattoo/piercing settings.

Influenza

Annual flu vaccination is recommended, ideally 2 weeks before travel. Flu seasons vary by hemisphere, and the tropics have year-round activity. Practice hand hygiene and mask use if symptomatic.

COVID-19

Complete a COVID-19 vaccine series and recommended boosters before travel. Verify destination-specific vaccination entry/exit rules. Even vaccinated individuals can still be infected.

Rabies

Rabies is present in some U.S. wildlife, including bats. Vaccination may be recommended for those working with wildlife. Wash wounds immediately and seek medical attention if bitten or scratched by an animal.

Safe Food and Water Precautions

Prevent illness from unsafe food or water by:

• Safe Food Preparation: Eating only safely prepared food (boil, cook, peel, or avoid raw).
• Water Safety: Avoid getting water in eyes, mouth, or nose when swimming in freshwater. Don’t swallow water while bathing or swimming. See Eat and drink safely abroad.

Tick and Insect Bite Prevention

Protect against insect-borne diseases by:

• Insect Repellent: Using approved bug spray on exposed skin.
• Protective Clothing: Wearing light-colored, tightly woven, loose clothing, socks, and closed-toe shoes.
• Mosquito Nets: Using mosquito nets when sleeping outdoors or in non-enclosed spaces.
• Tick Checks: Performing full body tick checks after outdoor activities. See Insect bite and pest prevention and Personal insect repellents.

Zika Virus

Zika virus risk exists in some U.S. areas, primarily spread by mosquito bites and sexually transmitted. It poses risks for pregnant women. Check the CDC’s Areas at Risk for Zika for updated information. Prevent mosquito bites and practice safe sex.

Dengue

Sporadic dengue risk exists, spread by daytime mosquito bites. There is no vaccine. Protect against mosquito bites.

Animal Precautions

Avoid contact with animals to reduce risk of diseases like rabies and avian flu.

Avian Influenza

Human cases of avian influenza have been reported in the U.S. Risk is low for most travelers. Avoid contact with birds (wild, farm, backyard) and surfaces with bird droppings. Ensure poultry is properly cooked. Higher-risk travelers include those visiting live animal markets or poultry farms, working with poultry or wild birds/mammals. Seasonal flu shots are advised.

Person-to-Person Infections

Reduce respiratory infection risks (flu, COVID-19) by:

• Isolation: Staying in accommodation and limiting contact if sick.
• Masks: Wearing well-fitting masks in crowded indoor settings.
• Hand Hygiene: Frequent hand washing or sanitizer use.
• Cough Etiquette: Covering coughs and sneezes. See Mass gatherings (large-scale events), Clean your hands to help reduce the spread of infectious diseases, and Respiratory infectious diseases: How to reduce the spread with personal protective measures.

Reduce risks of STIs, HIV, and mpox by:

• Mpox Vaccination: Getting vaccinated against mpox if eligible.
• Safe Sex Practices: Having fewer partners and using condoms or dental dams. See Mpox vaccines, Sexual health and travel, and HIV and AIDS: Travel health advice.

Medical Services and Facilities

Healthcare is excellent but costly. Emergency treatment is provided regardless of ability to pay, but foreign visitors without insurance pay out-of-pocket. Obtain comprehensive travel insurance covering medical evacuation and hospital stays. See Health and safety outside Canada.

Medication

Importing prescription drugs into the U.S. is restricted. Some over-the-counter Canadian medications are prescription-only in the U.S. Bring sufficient medication with a physician’s note explaining your condition.

Keep in Mind…

Travel decisions and personal safety are your responsibility. Be prepared and do not expect healthcare to be the same as in your home country. Pack a travel health kit.

Laws and Culture in the United States

Familiarize yourself with local laws and customs. Ignorance of the law is not an excuse.

Penalties and Transfer of Offenders

Serious law violations can lead to jail sentences, or in some states, the death penalty. Citizenship provides no special treatment. Jail sentences are served in U.S. prisons unless a transfer to your home country is approved by both nations under treaty agreements.

Drugs

Penalties for drug offenses are severe, including lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines. See Drugs, alcohol and travel.

Cannabis

Despite legalization in some U.S. states, cannabis remains federally illegal. Crossing the U.S. border with cannabis is illegal and can result in prosecution, fines, and jail time.

Prescription Medication

Personal medication may be subject to U.S. drug importation laws. Generally, a 90-day supply is allowed, but U.S. Customs and Border Protection has discretion. When traveling with prescription medication:

• Quantity Limits: Bring only the necessary quantity plus a week’s extra.
• Original Packaging: Keep medication in original packaging with dispensary labels showing your name, drug name, dosage, and drug identification number.
• Prescription Copy: Carry a duplicate prescription listing generic and trade names.
• Physician’s Note: Have a physician’s note for your condition and syringe use if applicable. See Prohibited and restricted items.

2SLGBTQI+ Persons

Some states have laws and policies affecting 2SLGBTQI+ individuals. Check relevant state and local laws. See Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics.

Dual Citizenship

Dual citizenship is recognized in the U.S. Consular services for dual citizens may be limited. Dual citizens may be subject to different entry/exit requirements.

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on International Child Abduction applies between the U.S. and many countries. If your child has been wrongfully taken to or is held in the U.S., act quickly, contact your country’s Central Authority, and consult lawyers. Consular officials cannot intervene in private legal matters.

Expedited Removal

U.S. Customs and Border Protection can bar non-citizens for five years for false documentation or misrepresentation. There is no formal appeal, but supervisory review can be requested. See Find a USCIS office.

Imports and Exports

Contact U.S. Customs and Border Protection at your intended border crossing for the latest import/export regulations, as they change frequently. Declare all items at entry. See Contact information for USCBP.

Travel to Cuba from the United States

U.S. sanctions restrict tourist travel between the U.S. and Cuba. Travel for other purposes may be permitted under specific requirements. See Cuba sanctions.

Driving

A valid driver’s license from your country is usually accepted in the U.S., but traffic laws vary by state.

Automobile Insurance

Many states require mandatory auto insurance and proof of insurance. Check state-specific requirements with the motor vehicles department. For driving to Mexico from the U.S., additional insurance may be needed.

Hitchhiking

Never cross borders with hitchhikers or as a hitchhiker to avoid potential legal implications. Be cautious about who and what you carry in your vehicle, as drivers can be held responsible for passengers’ actions and belongings.

Money

The U.S. currency is the U.S. dollar (USD). Canadian currency and personal checks are not widely accepted; U.S. bank accounts are usually needed for transactions. There are no limits on money brought into or out of the U.S., but amounts over US$10,000 must be declared to U.S. Customs and Border Protection to avoid penalties, including currency seizure.

Natural Disasters and Climate in the U.S.

The U.S. is prone to various natural disasters and extreme weather events.

Climate Change

Climate change increases the frequency of extreme weather events. Monitor local media for updates.

Hurricane Season

Hurricanes occur from May to November in the eastern Pacific (including Hawaii and Guam) and June to November in the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico. Be prepared to alter travel plans, stay informed, and follow local authority advice.

Flooding and Landslides

Heavy rains can cause floods and landslides. Exercise caution near rivers, stay informed on weather, and follow authorities’ instructions.

Earthquakes

Earthquakes are a risk in Alaska, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, and Washington State. Familiarize yourself with emergency procedures in earthquake-prone areas.

Heat and Humidity

Heat and humidity are most severe from June to September, especially in the South and Southwest. Understand dehydration and heatstroke symptoms.

Bush and Forest Fires

Bush and forest fires are common, especially in summer. Air quality can worsen due to smoke. Stay away from affected areas, follow evacuation orders, and monitor local media.

Tornadoes

Tornadoes are a risk across much of the U.S., particularly in central, mid-west, and southern states. Monitor weather reports and follow local instructions.

Volcanoes

Active volcanoes exist in the U.S. Volcanic eruptions can disrupt air travel and air quality. Monitor media and follow evacuation orders.

Tsunamis

Hawaii is tsunami-prone. Tsunamis can occur shortly after earthquakes. If on the coast, know evacuation plans. See Tsunami Evacuation Zones.

Prepare for disasters: Plan Ahead for Disasters – U.S. Department of Homeland Security.

By staying informed about U.S. travel advisories and taking necessary precautions, you can enhance your safety and enjoy a smoother travel experience in the United States. Always prioritize your personal safety and be prepared for unexpected situations.