Planning a trip to the United States? With its diverse landscapes, bustling cities, and iconic landmarks, the USA is a dream destination for many. However, like any country, it’s essential to be aware of potential risks and safety concerns. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of United States Travel Warnings, helping you stay informed and prepared for a safe and enjoyable trip.
Understanding Risk Levels in the United States
Travel advisories categorize countries based on their safety and security risks. For the United States, the current advisory level is to “Take normal security precautions”. This is the lowest advisory level, indicating that while there are general safety and security concerns, travelers can typically proceed with their plans while remaining vigilant and informed.
This doesn’t mean the U.S. is without risks. It implies that travelers should be aware of common safety issues and take standard precautions, similar to what they would do in their home country or any large city. Understanding the specifics of these potential risks is key to responsible travel planning.
Safety and Security Concerns
The United States is a vast and varied country, and safety concerns can differ significantly depending on the region and specific location. Here’s a breakdown of potential safety and security issues to be aware of:
Border with Mexico
Regions bordering Mexico, particularly in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, experience higher rates of criminal activity linked to drug trafficking. If you plan to travel near the U.S.-Mexico border:
- Exercise extreme vigilance: Be highly aware of your surroundings and potential risks.
- Use official border crossings: Stick to recognized and official border crossing points.
- Avoid nighttime travel: Refrain from traveling in border areas at night when risks can be elevated.
Alt text: Official US-Mexico border crossing point with vehicles waiting in line, emphasizing the importance of using recognized entry points for safety.
Crime
Crime rates and types vary across the United States.
Petty Crime
Petty theft, such as pickpocketing and purse snatching, is a concern, especially in crowded urban areas and popular tourist spots. To protect yourself:
- Never leave valuables unattended: Don’t leave bags or valuable items visible in parked cars, especially rental vehicles, even in the trunk.
- Secure belongings at all times: Keep passports and other important travel documents secure and close to you.
Violent Crime
Violent crime is more prevalent in poorer neighborhoods within large cities, particularly during evening and nighttime hours. Intoxication can often be a contributing factor in violent incidents. While tourists are less frequently targeted, it’s crucial to be cautious:
- Be aware of your surroundings: Pay attention to your environment at all times.
- Check local crime statistics: Before venturing out, especially at night, check official neighborhood crime statistics if available. Resources like the FBI’s Crime Data Explorer can provide data, though it’s important to understand the specific areas within cities.
- Don’t resist robbers: If confronted by robbers, remain calm and do not resist. Your safety is more important than material possessions.
Gun Violence
Firearm ownership rates are high in the United States, and open carry of firearms is legal in many states for U.S. citizens. Unfortunately, mass shootings are a reality in the U.S., leading to casualties. While tourists are rarely direct targets, the risk of being caught in a mass shooting is present.
- Familiarize yourself with active shooter response: Understand how to react in an active shooter situation. Resources like the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency’s Active Shooter Event Quick Reference Guide can be helpful.
Home Break-ins
Break-ins and burglaries can occur, including targeting vacation homes. If you are staying in a vacation rental or home:
- Secure windows and doors: Ensure all windows and doors are securely locked at night and when you are away from the property.
Common Criminal Strategies
Be alert to common tactics criminals use to target tourists, especially on highways near airports and tourist destinations. These ploys include:
- Vehicle issue signal: Criminals may signal to tourists, pretending there is a problem with their vehicle, to get them to pull over and then steal valuables.
- Windshield obstruction: Items might be thrown at your windshield to obscure your vision and force you to stop, making you vulnerable to robbery.
If you suspect you are being targeted by such a ploy:
- Do not pull over on the roadside: Avoid stopping on the shoulder of the road.
- Activate hazard lights and drive to safety: Turn on your hazard lights and slowly drive to a safe, populated area like a gas station or police station.
Demonstrations
Demonstrations and protests can occur in the United States, sometimes with little warning. Even peaceful demonstrations can become violent or disruptive.
- Avoid demonstration areas: Stay away from areas where demonstrations or large gatherings are taking place.
- Follow local authority instructions: Obey any instructions given by local authorities and law enforcement.
- Monitor local media: Stay informed about ongoing demonstrations by checking local news outlets.
Alt text: A large street protest in an urban US setting, highlighting the potential for travel disruptions and the need to avoid demonstration areas.
Fraud
Credit card and ATM fraud, including debit card cloning, is a risk. Protect yourself from financial fraud:
- Be vigilant when cards are handled: Pay close attention when your credit or debit cards are being handled by merchants or service providers.
- Use secure ATMs: Use ATMs located in well-lit public areas or inside banks or reputable businesses.
- Inspect card readers: Avoid using card readers that appear irregular, unusual, or tampered with.
- Cover the keypad: Shield the keypad with your hand when entering your PIN at ATMs or card readers.
- Monitor account statements: Regularly check your bank and credit card statements for any unauthorized transactions.
- Refer to resources on Overseas Fraud for more in-depth information.
Terrorism
The threat of terrorism exists in the United States, as in many countries around the world. Terrorist attacks can occur at any time and target various locations, including:
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Government buildings and facilities, including schools
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Places of worship
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Airports and transportation hubs and networks
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Public areas: tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centers, markets, and hotels
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Maintain situational awareness: Always be aware of your surroundings, particularly in public places and crowded areas.
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Stay informed about threat levels: The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) operates the National Terrorism Advisory System to communicate information about terrorist threats to the public.
Hiking and Mountaineering
If you plan to engage in hiking, backpacking, or mountaineering:
- Never go alone: Always participate in these activities with a group or hire an experienced guide from a reputable company.
- Obtain comprehensive travel insurance: Ensure your travel insurance includes helicopter rescue and medical evacuation coverage, especially for remote areas.
- Research routes and conditions: Get detailed information about hiking routes or ski slopes before you set out. Do not stray from marked trails or slopes.
- Assess your physical condition: Be sure you are physically fit enough for the planned activity.
- Proper equipment and weather awareness: Ensure you have appropriate equipment and are well-informed about weather conditions and potential hazards.
- Inform someone of your plans: Tell a family member or friend your itinerary, including your expected return time.
- Know altitude sickness symptoms: Be aware of the symptoms of acute altitude sickness, which can be life-threatening at higher elevations.
Air Travel
It’s important to note that government travel advisories generally do not assess the safety compliance of domestic airlines in other countries. Travelers should make their own informed decisions regarding domestic air travel within the U.S.
For further information, consult resources about foreign domestic airlines.
Entry and Exit Requirements
Entry and exit regulations are determined by each country. The information below is based on current regulations but it is subject to change, so always verify the latest requirements before traveling.
Passport
Proof of Canadian citizenship is required for entry into the U.S.
Travel by Air
Canadian citizens traveling by air to the United States must present one of the following:
- Valid Passport: Your passport must be valid for the entire duration of your stay in the United States.
- NEXUS Card: A valid NEXUS card can be used at designated airport kiosks for faster entry.
This requirement applies to all Canadian citizens, including children, traveling by air to or transiting through the U.S.
Travel by Land or Water
The Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) outlines document requirements for land and water border crossings. Canadian citizens aged 16 and older must present one of the following:
- Valid Passport
- Trusted Traveler Program Card (e.g., NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST)
- Enhanced Driver’s License (EDL) or Enhanced Identification Card (EIC): Issued by certain Canadian provinces and territories participating in U.S.-approved EDL/EIC programs.
- Secure Certificate of Indian Status
The WHTI-compliant document must be valid for the duration of your stay.
Canadian citizens aged 15 years and under entering by land or water require one of the following:
- Passport
- Original or Copy of Birth Certificate
- Original Canadian Citizenship Certificate
Other Travel Documents
Entry rules may differ if traveling with a temporary passport or emergency travel document. Consult the nearest diplomatic mission of your destination country before traveling.
Additional Information at Borders
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers may ask for additional information at the border, including:
- U.S. Address: Your address while in the United States (including Puerto Rico).
- Ties to Canada: Evidence of residential, employment, or educational ties to Canada.
- Purpose and Length of Trip: Proof that your trip is for a legitimate purpose and of a reasonable length.
- Proof of Funds: Evidence of sufficient funds to cover your expenses during your stay.
Dual Citizens
While not formally required, dual U.S.-Canadian nationals are advised to carry both passports. This can facilitate entry into the U.S. and your return to Canada.
Visas
Canadian visitors typically can stay in the United States for up to 6 months without a visa. You must declare your intended length of stay upon entry.
Generally, Canadian citizens do not need visitor, business, transit, or other visas to enter the U.S. from Canada, but exceptions exist. Check Canadians Requiring Visas on the U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada website for specific cases.
Canadian Permanent Residents
Canadian permanent residents may require a non-immigrant visa to enter the United States. This visa must be obtained from U.S. authorities before traveling. You also need a valid passport from your country of citizenship. Refer to Cross U.S. Borders for more information.
Visa Waiver Program
Citizens of countries participating in the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) can enter the U.S. for stays up to 90 days without a visa. They must obtain pre-travel authorization via the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) before departure.
U.S. Permanent Residents
Canadians who are U.S. permanent residents must present a valid U.S. Permanent Resident Card (Green Card) upon entry. See International travel as a U.S. Permanent Resident for details.
First Nations and Native Americans Born in Canada
Members of Canada’s First Nations and Native Americans born in Canada have specific rights allowing them to freely enter the United States for employment, study, retirement, investing, or immigration.
Working in the United States
Most Canadian business travelers can apply for admission at a U.S. port of entry without needing a non-immigrant visa beforehand. However, some business-related categories require specific documentation. If you plan to work in the U.S., contact the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate for requirements.
Studying in the United States
Canadian citizens do not need visas to study or participate in student exchange programs in the U.S. However, registration with SEVIS (Student and Exchange Visitor Information System), a U.S. student tracking system, is required. Students must present their SEVIS registration form to CBP officers upon each entry.
Length of Stay
For stays longer than 6 months, you must apply for an extension from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) while in the U.S., before your initial authorized stay expires. Immigration officers may require proof that you are a temporary visitor.
Overstaying your authorized period can lead to serious consequences, including detention and deportation. While there’s no fixed waiting period to re-enter after an authorized stay, CBP officers may scrutinize frequent or lengthy visits to ensure you are genuinely a temporary visitor and not attempting to reside in the U.S. For extension applications, refer to Extend your stay.
Biometrics
Non-U.S. citizens are typically required to provide biometrics (digital fingerprints and photograph) upon entry. Most Canadian citizens are exempt, except for those who:
- Require a visa or a waiver of ineligibility.
- Need an I-94 Arrival/Departure Record form.
Random biometric screenings of exempt Canadians have occurred. If you believe your information was wrongfully collected, you can address it with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
Electronic Devices
U.S. border agents have the authority to search electronic devices (phones, computers, tablets) upon entry. They are not required to provide a reason to request passwords to unlock your devices. Refusal can lead to device seizure, travel delays, or denial of entry (if you are not a U.S. citizen).
To safeguard your data:
- Enable airplane mode: Before crossing the border, put your devices in airplane mode to prevent accidental downloading of remote files.
- Refer to Inspection of Electronic Devices for CBP guidelines.
Preclearance
Preclearance facilities at Canadian airports allow travelers to undergo U.S. customs and immigration checks before departing Canada, rather than upon arrival in the U.S. When using preclearance:
- U.S. Entry Requirements Apply: You must meet all U.S. entry requirements.
- Interview with U.S. Officer: You will be interviewed by a U.S. preclearance officer authorized to inspect luggage and deny entry.
- Canadian Law Applies: While in a preclearance area, you are subject to Canadian law, including the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
- Right to Withdraw: You can withdraw your request to enter the U.S. and leave the preclearance area unless an officer suspects false statements or obstruction.
For preclearance locations, see Preclearance Locations.
Criminal Record
Having a criminal record, regardless of severity or age, can result in denial of entry to the United States. A Canadian pardon is not recognized under U.S. law for U.S. entry purposes.
If you are ineligible, you can apply for a temporary waiver of inadmissibility from U.S. Customs and Border Protection through a U.S. embassy or consulate, or at land borders.
U.S. ports of entry are computerized with access to centralized criminal databases. Past entries without issue do not guarantee future entry if a criminal record or prior denial is found. Attempting entry without a waiver could lead to detention and a permanent ban from the U.S.
Cannabis
Despite cannabis legalization in some U.S. states, it remains illegal under U.S. federal law. Bringing cannabis across the Canada-U.S. border in any form or quantity is illegal and can result in legal prosecution, fines, and potential jail time. This applies even if you are traveling to a state where cannabis is legal.
Boating in U.S. Waters
Operators of small pleasure vessels arriving in the U.S. from a foreign port must report their arrival to U.S. Customs and Border Protection immediately for face-to-face inspection at a designated reporting location. Exceptions may apply, including under the Nexus Marine program. For details, see Pleasure Boat Reporting Requirements .
Cruises
A valid Canadian passport is required for cruises departing from the United States. Passports are necessary for entry into many cruise destinations and for re-entry into the U.S. at the cruise’s end. Cruise ship authorities may retain passports during the cruise for administrative and immigration clearance purposes; ensure you get a receipt and retrieve your passport at the end of the cruise, and always keep a photocopy with you.
Pets
Pets must appear healthy upon arrival at a U.S. port of entry. Evidence of poor health may lead to examination, testing (at your expense), or denial of entry. Additional requirements may include import permits, health/export certificates, and proof of vaccinations (e.g., rabies). Quarantine may also be imposed.
Children and Travel
Canadian citizens under 19 traveling with school or organized groups under adult supervision require written consent from their parent/guardian.
Yellow Fever
Refer to the Health section for information on yellow fever vaccine entry requirements.
Health and Medical Advice
Relevant Travel Health Notices
Consult a health professional or travel health clinic ideally 6 weeks before your trip for personalized health advice and recommendations.
Routine Vaccines
Ensure your routine vaccinations are up-to-date according to Canadian guidelines, including measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), and influenza.
Pre-travel Vaccines and Medications
Discuss with a travel health professional which vaccines or medications are appropriate for your trip.
Yellow Fever
- Risk: No yellow fever risk in the United States.
- Entry Requirement: Proof of vaccination is not required for entry into the U.S.
- Recommendation: Vaccination is not recommended.
Measles
Measles is highly contagious. Ensure you are fully protected against measles before international travel. Consult a health professional to confirm your immunity.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a risk worldwide. Vaccination is recommended for all travelers. Prevent Hepatitis B infection through safe sex practices, sterile equipment use, and ensuring safe tattoo and piercing practices.
Influenza
Annual influenza vaccination is recommended. Get vaccinated at least 2 weeks before travel. Influenza occurs year-round globally, with seasonal peaks in different hemispheres. The flu vaccine in one hemisphere might only offer partial protection in another. Practice good hand hygiene and wear a mask if you have respiratory symptoms.
COVID-19
Complete a COVID-19 vaccine series and any recommended booster doses before traveling. Vaccination is highly effective against severe illness, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19. Check your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements. Consult a health professional to ensure adequate protection against COVID-19.
Rabies
Rabies is present in some U.S. wildlife, including bats. Vaccination may be recommended for travelers working directly with wildlife. If bitten or scratched by an animal, wash the wound immediately and seek medical attention.
Safe Food and Water Precautions
Prevent illnesses from contaminated food and water. Follow safe food and water practices: “Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!”. Avoid consuming tap water if unsure of its purity. When swimming in fresh water, avoid getting water in your eyes, mouth, or nose.
Insect Bite Prevention
Protect yourself from insect-borne diseases.
Zika Virus
Zika virus risk exists in some areas of the United States. Prevent mosquito bites at all times, especially in Zika-risk areas. Use insect repellent, wear protective clothing, and minimize exposure to mosquitoes. Practice safe sex or abstain, particularly if pregnant, as Zika can cause serious birth defects. Consult healthcare providers for advice if pregnant or planning pregnancy.
Dengue
Dengue risk is sporadic in the U.S. Protect yourself from mosquito bites, as dengue is transmitted by mosquitoes, primarily during daytime, especially around sunrise and sunset. There is no vaccine or medication for dengue fever.
Animal Precautions
Avoid contact with animals to prevent animal-to-human infections like rabies and avian influenza. Avoid contact with wild, farm, and backyard birds, and ensure poultry and eggs are thoroughly cooked to prevent Avian Influenza.
Avian Influenza
Human cases of avian influenza have been reported in the U.S., but the risk for most travelers is low. Higher-risk travelers include those visiting live animal markets, poultry farms, working with poultry or wild birds/mammals. Seasonal flu shots are recommended to reduce the chance of co-infection with human and avian influenza viruses.
Person-to-Person Infections
Practice good hygiene to prevent person-to-person infections. Stay home when sick, practice cough and sneeze etiquette, wash hands frequently, and minimize time in crowded spaces. Be aware of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV, and mpox, which are spread through bodily fluids. Practice safe sex and consider mpox vaccination if eligible.
Medical Services and Facilities
Healthcare in the U.S. is generally excellent and widely available. However, medical treatment is expensive. Ensure you have comprehensive travel insurance that includes medical evacuation and hospital stay coverage. Emergency care must be provided by all hospitals regardless of ability to pay, but you will be charged for services.
Medication
Importation of certain prescription drugs into the U.S. is restricted or prohibited. Some over-the-counter medications in Canada may be prescription-only in the U.S. Bring sufficient medication, carry a physician’s note explaining your condition and prescriptions, and keep medications in original packaging with labels.
Keep in Mind…
Travelers are solely responsible for their safety and decisions. Medical services might differ from Canadian standards. Pack a travel health kit, especially for travel outside major cities.
Laws and Culture in the United States
Penalties and Transfer of Offenders
U.S. laws vary by state. Serious law violations can lead to jail sentences or, in some states, the death penalty. Canadian citizenship offers no special protection. Jail sentences are served in U.S. prisons unless a transfer to a Canadian prison is approved under a treaty between the U.S. and Canada.
Drugs
Penalties for drug offenses (possession, use, trafficking) are severe, with lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines.
Cannabis
Cannabis remains illegal under U.S. federal law, even if legal in some states. Crossing the Canada-U.S. border with any amount of cannabis is illegal and carries serious legal consequences.
Prescription Medication
Personal medication may be subject to U.S. drug importation laws. Generally, a 90-day supply is allowed. U.S. Customs and Border Protection has discretion over allowing Canadian-purchased medication. When traveling with prescription medication:
- Bring only the quantity needed for your stay plus a week’s worth.
- Pack medication in original packaging with dispensary labels.
- Carry a duplicate prescription with generic and trade names.
- Have a physician’s note explaining your condition and need for syringes, if applicable.
2SLGBTQI+ Persons
Some U.S. states have laws and policies that may affect 2SLGBTQI+ persons. Research relevant state and local laws before traveling.
Dual Citizenship
Dual citizenship is legally recognized in the U.S. Canadian consular services for dual U.S.-Canadian citizens in the U.S. may be limited. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements.
International Child Abduction
The Hague Convention on International Child Abduction applies between Canada and the U.S. If your child is wrongfully taken to or held in the United States, act quickly, contact the Central Authority in your province/territory, consult lawyers in both countries, and report to the nearest Canadian government office or Global Affairs Canada.
Expedited Removal
U.S. Customs and Border Protection can bar non-citizens from the U.S. for five years if they believe false documentation or misrepresentation occurred. Lying to a customs official is a serious offense. There is no formal appeal for expedited removal, but supervisory review can be requested.
Imports and Exports
U.S. Customs and Border Protection regulations on imports and exports change frequently. Contact the specific CBP office at your Canada-U.S. border crossing for the latest information. Declare all items at entry points.
Travel to Cuba from the United States
U.S. sanctions restrict tourist travel between the U.S. and Cuba. Travel from the U.S. to Cuba is permitted only under specific authorized categories.
Driving
A valid Canadian driver’s license is accepted in the United States. Traffic laws vary by state.
Automobile Insurance
Many states have mandatory auto insurance requirements and proof of insurance is often required. Check specific state motor vehicle department information. If driving to Mexico from the U.S., you may need Mexican liability insurance and additional auto insurance.
Hitchhiking
Never cross the border as a hitchhiker or with a hitchhiker. You could be implicated in illegal activities. Be cautious about passengers and items in your vehicle, as you may be held responsible for their actions and belongings, even without your knowledge.
Money
The U.S. dollar (USD) is the currency. Canadian currency and Canadian bank personal checks are not widely accepted. Most banking transactions require a U.S. bank account. There is no limit on the amount of money you can bring into or out of the U.S., but you must declare amounts over US$10,000 to U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Failure to declare can result in penalties, including currency seizure.
Natural Disasters and Climate Considerations
Los Angeles County Fires
Recent fires in Southern California, including the Palisades Fire and Eaton Fire, are contained but caused damage and casualties. Hazardous dust and ash from strong winds and risks of flooding/mudslides in fire-affected areas remain. If in Los Angeles, avoid affected areas, consider masks outdoors during winds, follow emergency services instructions, and monitor local media.
Alt text: Landscape scorched by California wildfires, illustrating the potential for natural disasters and the need to stay informed about local emergencies.
Climate Change
Climate change impacts the United States, leading to more frequent extreme weather events that can disrupt travel plans. Monitor local media for weather updates.
Hurricane Season
Hurricanes are common:
- Eastern Pacific (Hawaii, Guam): May to November
- Atlantic, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico: June to November
Hurricane season poses serious safety risks and can disrupt essential services. If traveling during hurricane season, be prepared to change plans quickly, stay informed about forecasts, and follow local authority advice.
Flooding and Landslides
Heavy rains can cause flooding and landslides, making roads impassable and damaging infrastructure. Exercise caution near rivers, stay informed on weather forecasts, and follow evacuation orders.
Earthquakes
Earthquake risk is present in: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, and Washington State. Familiarize yourself with earthquake emergency procedures if in these areas.
Heat and Humidity
Heat and humidity are most intense from June to September, especially in the South and Southwest. Be aware of dehydration and heatstroke symptoms, which can be fatal.
Bush and Forest Fires
Bush and forest fires are common across the U.S., especially in summer months. Wildfires can occur year-round, most commonly during dry, hot periods. Air quality can worsen near fires due to smoke. In case of major fires, avoid affected areas, follow emergency service instructions, and monitor local media.
Tornadoes
Tornadoes are a risk, especially in central, mid-west, and southern states. Tornadoes can occur with little warning. Monitor local news and weather reports and follow local authority instructions.
Volcanoes
Active volcanoes exist in the United States. Volcanic eruptions can disrupt air travel and worsen air quality, especially for those with respiratory issues. Monitor local media, follow authority advice including evacuation orders, and be prepared to change travel plans.
Tsunamis
Hawaii is prone to tsunamis, often following nearby earthquakes. Tsunami risk can last for hours after the first tremor. If staying on the coast, familiarize yourself with local tsunami evacuation plans.
Conclusion
Traveling to the United States offers incredible experiences, but being informed and prepared is crucial for a safe journey. By understanding potential risks and taking appropriate precautions highlighted in these United States travel warnings, you can minimize potential issues and enjoy your trip with greater peace of mind. Always check for updated travel advisories and local news before and during your travels to stay informed about the latest safety and security information.
