Travel Advisory United States: Safety, Security, and Entry Requirements for Travelers

Risk Level: Take Normal Security Precautions in the United States

When planning your trip to the United States, it’s essential to stay informed about the current travel advisory. The United States generally advises travelers to exercise normal security precautions. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of safety and security concerns, entry and exit requirements, health advice, and local laws to help you prepare for a safe and informed journey.

Safety and Security in the United States

Border with Mexico: Increased Vigilance Required

Travelers should be aware that criminal activity, often linked to drug trafficking, is elevated in areas bordering Mexico. This is particularly true in the states of:

California
Arizona
New Mexico
Texas

If you are driving across the U.S.– Mexico border:

Exercise extreme caution at all times.
Use only official and recognized border crossings.
Avoid border crossings during nighttime hours.

Crime: Understanding Risks and Staying Safe

Like any large country, the United States experiences crime. Understanding the types of crime and where they are more prevalent can help you minimize risks.

Petty Crime: Be Aware in Urban and Tourist Areas

Petty crimes such as pickpocketing and purse snatching can occur, especially in crowded urban centers and popular tourist destinations.

To protect yourself from petty crime:

Never leave bags or valuables unattended, particularly in parked vehicles, including rental cars, even in locked trunks.
Ensure your belongings, including passports and travel documents, are secure and out of sight at all times.

Violent Crime: Higher Risk in Specific Areas

Violent crime in major urban areas is more frequent in poorer neighborhoods, especially between dusk and dawn. Intoxication often plays a role in these incidents. While gang activity and organized crime groups are often involved, individuals may also perpetrate violent crimes. Tourists are rarely targets of violent crime, but it’s important to be aware of your surroundings.

To minimize your risk of violent crime:

Be constantly aware of your surroundings.
Check official neighborhood crime statistics before going out, especially in the evening.
If confronted by robbers, remain calm and do not resist.

For detailed crime statistics, refer to the FBI’s Crime Data Explorer.

Gun Violence: High Firearm Possession Rate

The United States has a high rate of firearm ownership, and in many states, it is legal for citizens to openly carry firearms in public. Mass shootings, unfortunately, occur and often result in casualties. While tourists are rarely directly involved, the risk of being in the wrong place at the wrong time exists.

It is advisable to familiarize yourself with how to respond in an active shooter situation. Resources like the Active Shooter Event Quick Reference Guide from the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency can be helpful.

Home Break-ins: Securing Holiday Homes

Canadians who own holiday homes in the U.S. have been targets of break-ins and burglaries.

To protect your property:

Ensure all windows and doors are securely locked at night and when you are away from your property.

Common Criminal Tactics: Robbery Ploys Targeting Visitors

Be alert to robbery tactics specifically targeting tourists. Some criminals target travelers leaving airports or other tourist hotspots. They may signal to drivers, indicating a problem with their vehicle, and then wait for the driver to pull over to steal valuables. Another tactic involves throwing objects at windshields to force drivers to stop.

If you suspect you are a victim of such a ploy:

Do not pull over to the side of the road.
Activate your hazard lights and slowly drive to a safe, populated area such as a gas station or police station.

Demonstrations: Potential for Disruption

Demonstrations can occur in the United States and while many are peaceful, they can become violent unexpectedly. Demonstrations can also disrupt traffic and public transportation.

If demonstrations occur:

Avoid areas where demonstrations or large gatherings are taking place.
Follow instructions from local authorities.
Monitor local media for updates on demonstrations.

For more information on mass gatherings, consult resources on Mass gatherings (large-scale events).

Fraud: Credit Card and ATM Awareness

Credit card and ATM fraud, including debit card cloning, is a risk.

Protect yourself from fraud:

Be vigilant when your cards are handled by others.
Use ATMs located in well-lit public areas or within banks or businesses.
Avoid card readers that appear irregular or unusual.
Shield the keypad when entering your PIN.
Regularly check your account statements for unauthorized transactions.

For further details on overseas fraud, refer to Overseas fraud.

Terrorism: A Constant Threat

There is an ongoing threat of terrorism in the United States. Terrorist attacks could occur at any time and target various locations, including:

Government buildings, including schools
Places of worship
Airports and transportation hubs
Public areas like tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, shopping centers, markets, and hotels

Stay vigilant against terrorism:

Always be aware of your surroundings in public places.

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) operates a public alert system to disseminate information about terrorist threats. Stay informed through the National Terrorism Advisory System.

Hiking and Mountaineering: Safety First in Natural Environments

If you plan to hike, backpack, or ski in the United States:

Never engage in these activities alone. Always hire a guide from a reputable company.
Obtain travel insurance that includes helicopter rescue and medical evacuation.
Gather detailed information about routes or slopes before heading out and stay on marked trails.
Ensure you are physically fit for the planned activity.
Be properly equipped and informed about weather and potential hazards.
Inform someone of your itinerary and expected return time.
Learn to recognize symptoms of altitude sickness, which can be life-threatening.

Air Travel: Domestic Airline Safety

Assessments regarding the safety standards of foreign domestic airlines are not conducted by our agency.

For more information on foreign domestic airlines, consult Information about foreign domestic airlines.

United States Entry and Exit Requirements

Entry and exit regulations are determined by each country. The Canadian government cannot intervene if you do not meet the entry or exit requirements of your destination. Information provided here is based on information from U.S. authorities but can change. Always verify the latest requirements with Foreign Representatives in Canada.

Passport Requirements

Proof of Canadian citizenship is mandatory for entry into the U.S. Several documents are accepted as proof.

Air Travel Passport Requirements

For air travel to the United States, Canadian citizens, including children, must present one of the following:

A valid passport, valid for the duration of your stay.
A valid NEXUS card, for use at designated airport kiosks.

This requirement applies even for transit through the United States.

Land and Water Travel Passport Requirements

Under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI), Canadian citizens aged 16 and older entering the U.S. by land or water must present:

A valid passport.
A Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST).
An Enhanced Driver’s Licence (EDL) or Enhanced Identification Card (EIC) from participating provinces/territories.
A Secure Certificate of Indian Status.

The WHTI-compliant document must be valid for your entire stay.

Canadian citizens aged 15 and under entering by land or water require:

A passport.
An original or copy of a birth certificate.
An original Canadian citizenship certificate.

Additional Border Information

Customs officials may request your U.S. address, including Puerto Rico. Customs Border Protection (CBP) officers may also ask for:

Proof of Canadian residency, employment, or educational ties.
Evidence of a legitimate travel purpose and reasonable trip length.
Proof of sufficient funds for your stay.

Dual Citizens

While not formally required, dual U.S.-Canadian nationals are advised to carry both passports to facilitate entry and return.

Visa Information

Canadian visitors typically can stay in the United States for up to 6 months without a visa. Declare your intended stay duration upon entry.

Generally, Canadian citizens do not need visas for visitor, business, or transit purposes when entering from Canada, with some exceptions. Check Canadians Requiring Visas at the U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada.

Canadian Permanent Residents

Canadian permanent residents may require a non-immigrant visa. Obtain this visa from U.S. authorities before traveling and carry a valid passport from your country of citizenship. Consult Cross U.S. Borders for details.

Visa Waiver Program (VWP)

Citizens of VWP countries do not need a visa for stays up to 90 days. They must obtain pre-travel authorization via the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) before departure.

U.S. Permanent Residents

Canadians who are U.S. permanent residents must present a valid U.S. Permanent Resident Card for entry. See International travel as a U.S. Permanent Resident.

First Nations and Native Americans Born in Canada

Members of Canada’s First Nations and Native Americans born in Canada can freely enter the U.S. for employment, study, retirement, investment, or immigration.

Working in the United States

Most Canadian business travelers can apply for admission at a U.S. port of entry without a visa. However, specific documentation may be required for certain business categories. Contact the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate for details.

Studying in the United States

Canadian citizens do not require visas for studying or student exchange programs. However, registration with the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS) is necessary. Present your SEVIS registration form to CBP officers upon each entry.

Length of Stay

For stays longer than 6 months, apply for an extension at a USCIS office within the U.S. before your authorized stay expires. Immigration officers may request proof of temporary visitor status. Overstaying can lead to detention or deportation.

While there is no set waiting period for re-entry after an authorized stay, CBP officers may scrutinize frequent or lengthy stays to ensure you are not residing in the U.S.

For extension applications, see Extend your stay.

Biometrics at the Border

Non-U.S. citizens provide biometrics (digital fingerprints and photo) upon entry. Most Canadian citizens are exempt, except for those requiring visas, waivers of ineligibility, or I-94 forms. Random screenings of exempt Canadians have occurred. Address concerns about wrongful data collection with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.

Electronic Device Inspections

U.S. border agents can search electronic devices (phones, computers, tablets) upon entry, without needing a reason or warrant. Refusal to provide passwords may result in device seizure, travel delays, or denial of entry for non-U.S. citizens. Set devices to airplane mode before crossing to prevent accidental file downloads. See Inspection of Electronic Devices.

Preclearance in Canada

U.S. preclearance facilities at Canadian airports allow for U.S. entry clearance before departure. U.S. entry requirements apply, and preclearance officers can inspect luggage and deny entry. Making false statements to a preclearance officer is an offense under Canada’s Preclearance Act. While in preclearance areas, Canadian law applies. You can withdraw your U.S. entry request unless an officer suspects false statements or obstruction, in which case detention under Canadian law is possible. Preclearance Locations are available at select Canadian airports.

Criminal Record and U.S. Entry

A criminal record, regardless of severity or age, may lead to denial of entry to the United States. Canadian pardons are not recognized by U.S. law for entry purposes. Apply for a temporary waiver of inadmissibility at a U.S. embassy or consulate or at land borders. U.S. ports of entry are computerized with access to criminal records databases. Past entries without issue do not guarantee future entry, especially if records show convictions or prior denials. Attempting entry without a waiver may result in detention and a permanent U.S. entry ban.

Cannabis and Border Crossing

Despite cannabis legalization in some U.S. states, it remains federally illegal. Crossing the Canada-U.S. border with any amount of cannabis is illegal and can result in prosecution, fines, and jail time. Entry may be denied for cannabis industry involvement.

Boating in U.S. Waters

Small pleasure vessel operators arriving from foreign ports must report to U.S. Customs and Border Protection immediately for inspection at a designated location, with some exceptions like Nexus Marine. See Pleasure Boat Reporting Requirements .

Cruises and Passport Requirements

A valid Canadian passport is required for cruises departing from the United States, as some destinations visited may require it for entry. Passports are also needed for re-entry into the U.S. at the cruise end. Ship authorities may retain passports for administrative purposes; obtain a receipt and ensure its return. Always carry a photocopy of your passport.

Pet Travel

Pets must appear healthy upon arrival. Evidence of poor health may lead to examination/testing at your expense or denial of entry. Additional requirements may include import permits, health/export certificates, and proof of vaccinations (e.g., rabies). Quarantine may be required.

Children Traveling in Groups

Canadian citizens under 19 traveling with school or organized groups must have written parental consent.

Yellow Fever and Entry

Check the health section for yellow fever vaccination entry requirements.

Health Considerations for Travel to the United States

Travel Health Notices

This section provides health risk information and advice for your trip. Consult a healthcare provider or travel health clinic ideally 6 weeks before travel for personalized advice.

Routine Vaccinations

Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date, including MMR, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella, meningococcal disease, and seasonal flu. Provincial and Territorial Immunization Information resources are available.

Pre-Travel Vaccines and Medications

Vaccines or medications may be recommended for preventable diseases. Discuss your travel plans with a healthcare provider.

Yellow Fever

Risk: No risk in the United States.
Entry Requirement: Proof of vaccination not required.
Recommendation: Vaccination not recommended.

Measles

Measles is highly contagious. Ensure you are fully protected before international travel.

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a risk everywhere. Vaccination is recommended for all travelers due to potential exposure to blood or bodily fluids. Practice safe sex, use sterile equipment, and ensure safe tattooing/piercing practices.

Influenza

Annual flu vaccination is recommended, ideally 2 weeks before travel. Flu seasons vary by hemisphere. Practice good hand hygiene and wear a mask if symptomatic.

COVID-19

Complete a COVID-19 vaccine series and recommended doses before travel. Vaccination is highly effective against severe illness. Verify destination-specific COVID-19 requirements.

Rabies

Rabies may be present in wildlife, including bats. Seek immediate medical attention if bitten or scratched by an animal. Rabies vaccination may be recommended for those working with wildlife.

Safe Food and Water Practices

Prevent illness by practicing safe food and water habits. Boil, cook, peel, or choose safe food sources. Avoid swallowing water during hygiene activities and swimming, especially in freshwater. Eat and drink safely abroad guidelines are available.

Tick and Insect Bite Prevention

Prevent insect-borne diseases by using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and sleeping under mosquito netting when needed. Perform tick checks after outdoor activities. Insect bite and pest prevention and Personal insect repellents resources are helpful.

Zika Virus

Zika virus risk exists in some U.S. areas. Prevent mosquito bites and practice safe sex, especially if pregnant or planning pregnancy. Consult Areas at Risk for Zika and Zika virus: Pregnant or planning a pregnancy.

Dengue Fever

Sporadic dengue fever risk exists. Protect against mosquito bites, particularly during daytime, sunrise, and sunset. No vaccine or medication is available for dengue.

Animal Precautions

Avoid contact with animals to prevent animal-to-human infections like rabies and avian flu. Avoid undercooked meat. Supervise children closely around animals.

Avian Influenza

Human avian influenza cases have been reported. Avoid contact with birds (wild, farm, backyard) and surfaces contaminated with bird droppings. Ensure poultry and eggs are thoroughly cooked. Higher-risk travelers include those visiting live animal markets, working with poultry, or handling wild birds. Seasonal flu shots are recommended for general influenza protection.

Person-to-Person Infections

Reduce the risk of respiratory infections like flu and COVID-19 by staying home when sick, wearing masks in crowded indoor settings, practicing hand hygiene, and covering coughs and sneezes. Mass gatherings (large-scale events), Clean your hands to help reduce the spread of infectious diseases, and Respiratory infectious diseases: How to reduce the spread with personal protective measures resources are available.

Lower STI, HIV, and mpox risks by reducing partners and using protection during sexual activity. Mpox vaccination is available for eligible individuals. Mpox vaccines, Sexual health and travel, and HIV and AIDS: Travel health advice resources provide more information.

Medical Services and Facilities

Healthcare is excellent but expensive. Emergency treatment is provided regardless of payment ability, but fees apply. Travel health insurance, including medical evacuation and hospital stay coverage, is essential. Health and safety outside Canada provides more details.

Medication Regulations

Import restrictions and prohibitions apply to some prescription drugs. Some over-the-counter medications in Canada require prescriptions in the U.S. Carry sufficient medication, a physician’s note explaining your condition, and prescriptions in original packaging with labels.

Important Health Reminder

Travel decisions are the traveler’s responsibility. Personal safety is also the traveler’s responsibility. Be prepared, and do not expect Canadian medical service standards. Pack a travel health kit, especially when away from major cities.

Laws and Culture in the United States

Adhere to local laws. Learn about assistance if arrested or detained abroad. Laws vary significantly by state; consult state websites before traveling.

Penalties and Transfer of Offenders

Serious legal violations can result in jail sentences or, in some states, the death penalty. Canadian citizenship offers no legal immunity. Jail sentences are served in U.S. prisons unless a transfer to a Canadian prison is approved under a treaty between the U.S. and Canada.

Drug Laws and Penalties

Penalties for illegal drug possession, use, or trafficking are severe, including lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines. Drugs, alcohol and travel provides more information.

Cannabis Laws

Despite state-level cannabis legalization, it remains federally illegal. Crossing the Canada-U.S. border with cannabis is illegal and can lead to prosecution.

Prescription Medication Regulations

Personal medication imports are subject to U.S. regulations. A 90-day supply is generally allowed, but U.S. Customs and Border Protection has discretion. For prescription medications:

Carry only the necessary quantity plus one week’s worth.
Pack medication in original, labeled containers with your name, drug name, dosage, and DIN.
Keep a copy of your prescription with generic and trade names.
Have a physician’s note for your condition and syringe use if applicable.

See Prohibited and restricted items.

2SLGBTQI+ Travelers

Some state laws and policies may affect 2SLGBTQI+ persons. Check state and local laws before traveling. Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics provides guidance.

Dual Citizenship Considerations

Dual citizenship is recognized in the U.S. Consular services for dual U.S.-Canadian citizens in the U.S. may be limited. Different entry/exit requirements may apply.

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on International Child Abduction applies between Canada and the U.S. If your child has been wrongfully taken to or is being held in the United States, act quickly, contact your provincial/territorial Central Authority, consult lawyers, and report to the nearest Canadian government office or Global Affairs Canada. Consular officials cannot intervene in private legal matters.

Expedited Removal Procedures

U.S. Customs and Border Protection can bar non-citizens for five years for presenting false documents or misrepresentation. Lying to customs officials is a serious offense. No formal appeal exists for expedited removal, but supervisory review requests can be sent to the USCIS district director responsible for the port of entry. Find a USCIS office.

Import and Export Regulations

Contact the relevant U.S. Customs and Border Protection office at your Canada-U.S. border crossing for current import/export allowances and restrictions, as they change frequently. Declare all items upon entry. Contact information for USCBP.

Travel to Cuba from the United States

U.S. sanctions restrict tourist travel between the U.S. and Cuba. Travel for other purposes may be permitted if specific requirements are met. Cuba sanctions information is available.

Driving Regulations

A valid Canadian driver’s license is accepted in the U.S. Traffic laws vary by state.

Automobile Insurance Requirements

Many states mandate auto insurance and proof of insurance. State motor vehicle departments provide specific details. Driving to Mexico from the U.S. may require Mexican liability and additional auto insurance.

Hitchhiking Risks

Never cross the border with or as a hitchhiker due to potential legal implications. Be cautious about passengers and items in your vehicle, as drivers can be held responsible for passengers’ actions and belongings.

Currency and Money Matters

The U.S. currency is the U.S. dollar (USD). Canadian currency and Canadian bank personal checks are not widely accepted. Most banking transactions require a U.S. bank account. There is no limit to the amount of money brought into or out of the U.S., but amounts over US$10,000 (cash, checks, money orders, etc.) must be declared to U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Failure to declare can result in penalties, including currency seizure.

Natural Disasters and Climate Considerations in the United States

Recent Wildfires

In January 2025, Southern California experienced multiple fires, including the Palisades Fire and Eaton Fire. While contained, these fires caused damage and casualties. Hazardous dust and ash may still be present due to winds, and there is a heightened risk of flooding and mudslides in fire-affected areas.

If in Los Angeles:

Avoid affected areas.
Consider wearing masks outdoors in windy conditions.
Follow emergency personnel instructions, including evacuations.
Monitor local media for updates.

Useful links: More information on bush and forest fires.

Natural disasters can occur at any time. Plan Ahead for Disasters resources are available.

Climate Change Impacts

Climate change is affecting the United States, leading to more frequent extreme weather events that may impact travel plans. Monitor local media for updates.

Hurricane Season

Hurricanes typically occur:

May to November in the eastern Pacific (Hawaii, Guam).
June to November in the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico.

Hurricanes pose serious safety risks and can disrupt essential services. If traveling during hurricane season:

Be aware of serious safety risks.
Be prepared to alter travel plans, including cancellation.
Stay informed about weather forecasts.
Carry airline/tour operator emergency contacts.
Follow local authority advice.

Flooding and Landslides

Heavy rains can cause flooding and landslides, making roads impassable and damaging infrastructure. Exercise caution near rivers, stay informed about weather forecasts, and follow local authority instructions, including evacuations.

Earthquake Zones

Earthquake risks are present in:

Alaska
California
Hawaii
Nevada
Oklahoma
Oregon
Washington State

Familiarize yourself with earthquake emergency procedures in these areas.

Heat and Humidity

Heat and humidity are most intense from June to September, especially in the South and Southwest. Recognize dehydration and heatstroke symptoms, which can be fatal.

Bush and Forest Fire Season

Bush and forest fires are common, especially in summer, across much of the U.S. Wildfires are most frequent during dry, hot periods. Air quality can worsen near fires due to smoke.

In case of major fires:

Avoid affected areas, especially if you have respiratory conditions.
Follow emergency personnel instructions, including evacuations.
Monitor local media for updates.

Tornado Risk

Tornadoes are a risk, especially in central, mid-west, and southern states, and can occur with little warning. Monitor local news and weather reports and follow local authority instructions.

Volcanoes

Active volcanoes exist in the U.S. Volcanic eruptions can disrupt air travel and worsen air quality, especially for those with respiratory issues. Monitor local media, follow authority advice including evacuations, and be prepared to change travel plans.

Tsunami Risk in Hawaii

Hawaii is tsunami-prone. Tsunamis can occur minutes after nearby earthquakes, with risk lasting for hours. If staying on the coast, know local tsunami evacuation plans. Tsunami Evacuation Zones information is available for Hawaii.